Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Sep 9, 2025
08:34
Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
Published on: February 6, 2019
20.5K
Quimioterapia urgente para el alivio rápido de los síntomas en pacientes con meduloblastoma
Aseel Bzour1, Qasem Alzoubi2, Nasem Sarhan3
1Department of Pediatrics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
Pediatric blood & cancer
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
La quimioterapia intensiva ofrece un tratamiento de rescate vital para los niños pequeños con meduloblastoma metastásico (un tumor cerebral maligno), mejorando rápidamente los síntomas neurológicos graves cuando la radiación no es factible.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Pediátrica
- Neuro-oncología
- Terapia contra el cáncer
Sus antecedentes:
- El meduloblastoma es el tumor cerebral maligno más común en los niños.
- El tratamiento multimodal (cirugía, quimioterapia, radiación) es estándar.
- A menudo se evita la radiación craneospinal en niños pequeños debido a los efectos secundarios neurocognitivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar la eficacia de la quimioterapia como tratamiento de rescate en niños pequeños con meduloblastoma SHH metastásico.
- Para informar sobre dos casos de síntomas neurológicos graves y potencialmente mortales en pacientes pediátricos con meduloblastoma.
Principales métodos:
- Informe de caso de dos niños pequeños con meduloblastoma SHH metastásico.
- Administración de emergencia de quimioterapia intensiva.
- Evaluación clínica y radiológica de la respuesta al tratamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Ambos pacientes experimentaron una mejora clínica rápida y significativa.
- Las exploraciones radiológicas mostraron una respuesta sustancial del tumor después de la quimioterapia.
- La quimioterapia controlaba eficazmente los síntomas neurológicos que ponían en peligro la vida.
Conclusiones:
- La quimioterapia intensiva puede ser una opción de rescate crucial para los niños pequeños con meduloblastoma metastásico.
- La quimioterapia demuestra potencial en situaciones críticas donde la radiación estándar está contraindicada.
- Este enfoque subraya la importancia de la quimioterapia en la neuro-oncología pediátrica.
Más Videos Relacionados
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.4K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.4K
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
5.1K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.1K
01:27Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
321
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
321
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
259
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates...
259
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.8K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K
01:29Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists
439
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
439