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El impacto de la legislación fascista antisemita de 1938 en el desarrollo de la fisiología en las universidades

Pompeo Volpe¹, Carlo Reggiani¹, Aram Megighian¹

¹Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.

Advances in physiology education

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

Las leyes fascistas antisemitas de 1938 llevaron a la sustitución de profesores de fisiología en Italia. A pesar de las implicaciones morales negativas, este cambio generacional impactó positivamente en la investigación y estableció nuevas escuelas de fisiología.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología
La historia de la ciencia
Historia académica italiana

Sus antecedentes:

Las leyes fascistas antisemitas de 1938 en Italia llevaron a la expulsión de cinco profesores de Fisiología Humana.
Las universidades ocuparon rápidamente estos puestos vacantes, involucrando a otras instituciones y al Ministro de Educación Nacional.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar los efectos de estas expulsiones y sustituciones posteriores en el desarrollo de la Fisiología en Italia.
Evaluar el impacto cualitativo en la actividad de investigación y la formación de nuevas escuelas de investigación.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los perfiles biográficos y científicos de los profesores expulsados y sus reemplazos.
Examen de las propuestas de sustitución de las universidades y aprobación ministerial.
Evaluación del impacto en aproximadamente la mitad de las cátedras de fisiología de Italia.

Principales resultados:

Se produjo un cambio generacional significativo y repentino en los departamentos de fisiología italianos.
El impacto en la actividad de investigación fue positivo o neutral en muchos casos.
Se establecieron nuevas e importantes escuelas de investigación fisiológica.

Conclusiones:

Si bien la respuesta de la comunidad académica condujo a resultados científicos positivos, la aceptación tácita de las expulsiones raciales conlleva una evaluación moral negativa.
Estos acontecimientos históricos ofrecen una valiosa lección sobre las consideraciones éticas dentro de la administración académica y la progresión profesional.

Palabras clave:

Leyes antisemitas El fascismo Fisiología humana Las universidades

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