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Estilo de vida y factores psicosociales en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: prevalencia, impacto, motivación y
Karlijn Demers1,2,3, Evelien M B Hendrix1,3, Ashkan Rezazadeh Ardabili1,3
1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
PloS one
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) con frecuencia experimentan un mal estilo de vida y factores psicosociales, reconociendo su impacto en los síntomas y deseando un cambio. Sin embargo, muchos carecen de apoyo hospitalario adecuado para estos aspectos cruciales de la atención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología
- Salud pública
- Psicología
Sus antecedentes:
- El estilo de vida y los factores psicosociales influyen significativamente en la inflamación de la mucosa intestinal y el bienestar del paciente.
- La atención actual de la EII a menudo carece de una evaluación e intervención sistemáticas para el estilo de vida y los elementos psicosociales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la prevalencia del estilo de vida desfavorable y los factores psicosociales en los pacientes con EII.
- Recopilar las perspectivas de los pacientes con EII sobre estos factores y su impacto en la enfermedad.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio multicéntrico utilizó una plataforma de telemedicina para recopilar datos sobre la actividad de la enfermedad, el estilo de vida y los factores psicosociales en pacientes con EII.
- Una encuesta en línea a nivel nacional, distribuida por la organización holandesa de pacientes con EII, capturó las perspectivas de los pacientes.
Principales resultados:
- Una parte significativa de los pacientes con EII informó sobre ejercicio inadecuado, tabaquismo y consumo excesivo de alcohol.
- Muchos pacientes experimentaron un alto estrés, falta de sueño y angustia emocional, creyendo que estos factores empeoran los síntomas intestinales.
- Aunque motivados por el cambio, aproximadamente el 20% de los pacientes deseaban pero no recibieron apoyo hospitalario por problemas de estilo de vida y psicosociales.
Conclusiones:
- Los pacientes con EII se enfrentan comúnmente a factores adversos de estilo de vida y psicosociales y reconocen su influencia en los síntomas.
- Existe una fuerte motivación del paciente para modificar el estilo de vida y los factores psicosociales, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones específicas.
- La integración sistemática del estilo de vida y el apoyo psicosocial en la atención de la EII es esencial para una gestión centrada en el paciente.
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