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Patrones espaciales y determinantes de la migración interprovincial entre grupos de edad en China
Hua Zhang1, Chunyun Chen1, Xin Li1
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
PloS one
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
China también.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Sociología
- La demografía
- La geografía humana
Sus antecedentes:
- Los patrones de migración varían significativamente entre los diferentes grupos de edad.
- Comprender estas diferencias es crucial para la formulación de políticas eficaces en China.
- La etapa de la vida influye en las intenciones de migración y la distribución espacial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revelar patrones de migración interprovinciales distintos entre varios grupos de edad en China.
- Identificar los factores subyacentes que influyen en estas tendencias migratorias específicas de la edad.
- Informar las respuestas políticas específicas para la gestión de la migración.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Dinámica de Migrantes de China de 2017.
- Se empleó un modelo de gravedad extendido que incorpora la regresión de Poisson penalizada por láser.
- Se analizaron los patrones espaciales y los factores que influyen en la migración entre las cohortes de edad.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una heterogeneidad significativa en los patrones de migración entre los grupos de edad.
- La población en edad de trabajar presenta migraciones de corta distancia desde el centro hacia las provincias desarrolladas.
- Las personas mayores migran hacia Beijing y Shanghai, dando prioridad a la comodidad ambiental sobre la distancia.
Conclusiones:
- La migración en China depende de la edad, con características espaciales y motivacionales distintas.
- Los factores económicos son los principales impulsores de la población en edad de trabajar.
- La migración de las personas mayores está influenciada por factores ambientales y menos por la distancia, lo que requiere enfoques políticos adaptados.
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