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Comportamiento prosocial y rendimiento escolar en la transición a la adolescencia: un estudio multicultural
Flavia Cirimele1, Concetta Pastorelli2, Marc H Bornstein3,4,5
1Department of Culture and Society, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Applied developmental science
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
Los adolescentes que demuestran un mayor comportamiento prosocial logran consistentemente un mejor rendimiento escolar. Este vínculo positivo entre el comportamiento prosocial y el éxito académico es evidente a lo largo del crucial período de transición adolescente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Psicología educativa
- Estudios interculturales
Sus antecedentes:
- La adolescencia es un período crítico de desarrollo marcado por cambios significativos en el comportamiento social y las demandas académicas.
- Comprender la interacción entre los comportamientos sociales y el rendimiento escolar es crucial para apoyar el desarrollo de los adolescentes.
- Las investigaciones anteriores no han explorado completamente la relación longitudinal y bidireccional entre el comportamiento prosocial y el rendimiento escolar en diversos contextos culturales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las asociaciones longitudinales bidireccionales entre el comportamiento prosocial y el rendimiento escolar en adolescentes.
- Examinar estas asociaciones en seis países diferentes, ofreciendo una perspectiva multicultural.
- Para determinar si el comportamiento prosocial predice el rendimiento escolar futuro y viceversa.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño del estudio longitudinal con tres puntos de recogida de datos de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 16 años.
- Muestra de 884 adolescentes en Colombia, Italia, Jordania, Filipinas, Tailandia y los Estados Unidos.
- Modelo de panel de retraso transversal de intersección aleatoria (RI-CLPM) utilizado para el análisis, control de las covariables.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró una asociación estable y positiva entre un alto comportamiento prosocial y el rendimiento de la escuela secundaria a lo largo del tiempo.
- El aumento del comportamiento prosocial predijo un rendimiento escolar más alto de lo esperado en cada punto de medición.
- Los hallazgos sugieren una relación recíproca, aunque la direccionalidad primaria indicó que la prosocialidad influía en los resultados académicos.
Conclusiones:
- El comportamiento prosocial es un factor significativo que contribuye al éxito académico sostenido durante la adolescencia.
- Las intervenciones que promueven el comportamiento prosocial pueden tener un impacto positivo en el rendimiento escolar en entornos multiculturales.
- Los resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar el desarrollo socioemocional en contextos educativos.
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