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Pensamientos y comportamientos suicidas elevados y autolesiones no suicidas en jóvenes y adultos autistas: un estudio

Jessica M Schwartzman^1,2,3, Carly A McMorris^4,5, Claire M Brown⁶

¹Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Autism in adulthood : challenges and management

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

Las personas autistas se enfrentan a altos riesgos de pensamientos suicidas, comportamientos y autolesiones. Las ideas suicidas aumentan con la edad, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de estrategias específicas de prevención del suicidio a lo largo de la vida.

Área de la Ciencia:

Trastornos del desarrollo neurológico
La psiquiatría
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Las personas autistas tienen un riesgo elevado de pensamientos y comportamientos suicidas (STB) y autolesiones no suicidas (NSSI).
Este estudio investigó la BTS y la NSSI en diferentes grupos de edad, examinando los efectos relacionados con el sexo y la edad en una muestra multinacional de individuos autistas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para examinar pensamientos suicidas, comportamientos y autolesiones no suicidas en individuos autistas a lo largo de la vida.
Identificar las diferencias basadas en la edad y el sexo en la prevalencia y gravedad de estos resultados.

Principales métodos:

Una muestra multinacional de 245 individuos autistas (niños y adultos) sin discapacidad intelectual participó.
La Escala de Gravedad de Columbia-Suicidio fue administrada para evaluar STB y NSSI.
La muestra fue enriquecida para individuos con depresión y tendencias suicidas.

Principales resultados:

La mayoría de los participantes (87,8%) informaron de pensamientos suicidas, y el 56,3% informó de NSSI.
Casi un tercio (31,0%) informó de un intento de suicidio en su vida, siendo la sobredosis el método más común.
Las ideas suicidas aumentaron con la edad, y las personas mayores informaron de ideas más graves y duraderas. El sexo no fue un factor de riesgo significativo.

Conclusiones:

Las personas autistas de todos los grupos de edad son una población de alta prioridad para la prevención del suicidio.
Las estrategias efectivas de prevención del suicidio, las evaluaciones y los programas a nivel del sistema son cruciales para abordar las muertes prevenibles por suicidio en este grupo demográfico.

Palabras clave:

Escala de clasificación de la gravedad del suicidio de Columbia edad el autismo autolesiones el sexo Suicidio

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