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Recuperar voces, repensar el cambio: un análisis descolonial y de conocimiento ecológico de las intervenciones

Sylvain L Faye¹, Georgette H Sow²

¹Department of Sociology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Frontiers in nutrition

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

Las intervenciones nutricionales convencionales en Senegal a menudo fallan debido a los mensajes de arriba hacia abajo que ignoran las culturas alimentarias locales. Se necesita un enfoque decolonial y ecológico del conocimiento para mejorar las prácticas alimentarias sostenibles y combatir la desnutrición.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la nutrición
Salud pública
Antropología

Sus antecedentes:

La Comunicación de Cambio Social y de Comportamiento (SBCC) se utiliza ampliamente en los programas de nutrición senegaleses para abordar la desnutrición y la inseguridad alimentaria.
A pesar de la mejora de los conocimientos nutricionales, las prácticas alimentarias sostenibles no se han logrado de manera consistente.
Este estudio examina las limitaciones de las estrategias actuales de SBCC desde perspectivas descolonialistas y ecológicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Explorar las limitaciones de los enfoques convencionales de la SBCC en las intervenciones nutricionales en Senegal.
Investigar la alineación entre los mensajes de la SBCC y las culturas alimentarias locales con respecto a la desnutrición, el retraso en el crecimiento y la fortificación de los alimentos.
Proponer un marco alternativo para intervenciones nutricionales más eficaces y sostenibles.

Principales métodos:

Estudio cualitativo que emplea métodos de investigación etnográficos y participativos.
Realizada en Senegal entre 2020 y 2024.
Se centró en la desnutrición, el retraso en el crecimiento y las iniciativas de fortificación de alimentos, incluidos los cubos de arroz y caldo.

Principales resultados:

Los modelos actuales de SBCC utilizan predominantemente mensajes biomédicos de arriba hacia abajo influenciados por la ciencia occidental y las normas estatales.
Las intervenciones a menudo ignoran las ecologías alimentarias locales, las prácticas socioculturales y los sistemas de conocimiento de la comunidad.
Este enfoque refuerza los marcos tecnocráticos y neoliberales, disminuyendo la agencia comunitaria.

Conclusiones:

Aboga por un enfoque descolonial y ecológico del conocimiento para SBCC para una mayor relevancia y sostenibilidad.
Hace hincapié en centrar la justicia epistémica, fomentar la ética relacional y co-crear intervenciones con las comunidades.
Sugiere integrar las perspectivas locales y los conocimientos plurales para abordar los complejos factores socioecológicos de la desnutrición.

Palabras clave:

Estados Unidos participación de la comunidad Enfoques descolonialistas justicia epistémica conocimiento indígena Intervención en la nutrición cambio social y el comportamiento de la comunicación

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