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Redlining, gentrificación y salud mental de los negros estadounidenses: una revisión de alcance
Bianca D Smith1, Kechna Cadet2, Tamar Mendelson1,3
1Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Housing and society
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
La discriminación racial en la vivienda como el redlining y la gentrificación tiene un impacto negativo en la salud mental de los adultos negros. La mayoría de los estudios muestran vínculos entre estas prácticas de vivienda y los problemas de salud mental, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Sociología
- Psicología
Sus antecedentes:
- La discriminación racial en la vivienda afecta significativamente la salud mental de las poblaciones afroamericanas.
- Comprender los impactos de las líneas rojas y la gentrificación en el bienestar mental es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Resumir las definiciones y los enfoques de medición para el redlining y la gentrificación.
- Para revisar su impacto en la salud mental de los adultos negros en los EE.UU.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión de alcance de mayo a diciembre de 2022.
- Se buscó en bases de datos interdisciplinarias (PubMed, SCOPUS, Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO) y se utilizó Covidence para una revisión en dos etapas.
- Incluye 21 artículos (11 cuantitativos, 10 cualitativos).
Principales resultados:
- Existe una variabilidad significativa en la definición y medición del redlining y la gentrificación.
- El 57% de los estudios informaron de asociaciones entre la vivienda discriminatoria y los problemas de salud mental en adultos negros.
- El redlining creó factores de estrés ambiental; la gentrificación impactó en los costos y la consistencia de la vivienda.
Conclusiones:
- Las prácticas de vivienda discriminatorias como el redlining y la gentrificación están vinculadas a resultados adversos para la salud mental de los estadounidenses negros.
- Se necesita más investigación para informar las políticas que abordan las disparidades de salud mental racial.
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