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Desafíos y soluciones en el manejo de problemas dentales en niños con autismo
Mohammed Al-Beltagi1,2, Abdulrahman Abdullah Al Zahrani3,4, Babu Sandilyan Mani5
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt.
World journal of clinical pediatrics
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
Los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) experimentan problemas significativos de salud bucal debido a desafíos únicos. Esta revisión pone de relieve las estrategias de gestión eficaces e identifica las lagunas para mejorar la atención dental de las personas con TEA.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Odontología pediátrica
- Discapacidades del desarrollo
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los niños con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) se enfrentan a mayores riesgos de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y bruxismo.
- Las sensibilidades sensoriales, las barreras de comunicación y el acceso limitado a la atención especializada exacerban las disparidades de salud bucal en los TEA.
- Actualmente falta una síntesis completa de soluciones de salud bucal basadas en la evidencia para los TEA.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente los problemas dentales en niños con TEA.
- Identificar las barreras que obstaculizan el acceso a la atención dental para esta población.
- Sintetizar estrategias de gestión eficaces y delinear direcciones de investigación futuras para mejorar los resultados de la salud bucal.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Cochrane Library y Scopus.
- Se incluyeron estudios centrados en niños con TEA, problemas de salud dental e intervenciones.
- Los datos se extrajeron y analizaron utilizando un enfoque de síntesis narrativa y análisis temático, y se evaluó la calidad del estudio.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños con TEA mostraron tasas más altas de caries dental, gingivitis, bruxismo y maloclusión.
- Las principales barreras incluían problemas sensoriales, desafíos de comunicación, costo y escasez de profesionales dentales capacitados para TEA.
- Las intervenciones efectivas incluyeron desensibilización, terapia conductual, herramientas digitales y trabajo en equipo interdisciplinario, respaldado por la educación de los padres y la capacitación profesional.
Conclusiones:
- La atención dental personalizada que integra adaptaciones sensoriales, intervenciones conductuales y enfoques colaborativos es vital para los niños con TEA.
- Las directrices estandarizadas y los estudios longitudinales son necesarios para refinar los protocolos basados en la evidencia.
- La investigación futura debería investigar las intervenciones digitales y las aplicaciones probióticas para mejorar el cuidado dental de las TEA.
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