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Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

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Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
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Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

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In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
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Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
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Shrinkage in Concrete01:27

Shrinkage in Concrete

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Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

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Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
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¿Qué es el hundimiento costero?

Torbjörn E Törnqvist1, Michael D Blum2

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118-5698, USA.

Cambridge prisms. Coastal futures
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Las mediciones de hundimiento costero están avanzando, pero persiste la confusión con respecto a la acumulación de sedimentos, el movimiento vertical de la tierra y el cambio de elevación de la superficie. Aclarar estos términos es crucial para las proyecciones precisas del aumento del nivel del mar.

Palabras clave:
la costaaumento del nivel del marel hundimientomovimiento vertical de la tierra

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de la Tierra
  • Procesos costeros
  • La geofísica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los avances tecnológicos han mejorado las mediciones de los hundimientos costeros.
  • La falta de claridad conceptual dificulta la interpretación de los datos de hundimiento.
  • Las diferentes disciplinas científicas utilizan una terminología diferente para los procesos relacionados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para abordar la confusión generalizada en la literatura de hundimiento costero.
  • Para aclarar los conceptos clave: acreción de sedimentos, movimiento vertical de la tierra y cambio de elevación de la superficie.
  • Establecer un lenguaje común para la investigación interdisciplinaria.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión y síntesis de la literatura existente sobre el hundimiento costero.
  • Aplicación de conceptos establecidos de la geodesia tectónica.
  • Reconciliación conceptual de la terminología diferente.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificó una ambigüedad significativa en la definición y medición del hundimiento costero.
  • Destacó la interacción crítica entre la acreción de sedimentos, el movimiento vertical de la tierra y el cambio de elevación de la superficie.
  • Propuso un marco conceptual unificado.

Conclusiones:

  • Un consenso sobre la terminología es esencial para una investigación precisa de los hundimientos costeros.
  • Las definiciones más claras mejorarán la comunicación y la colaboración interdisciplinarias.
  • El lenguaje estandarizado es vital para futuras proyecciones fiables del aumento del nivel del mar.