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Conocimiento, actitud y práctica relacionados con el abuso infantil entre los médicos de Mangalore, India: un estudio
Neil Dsouza1, Sandria A Dsouza1, Melisha G Dsouza1
1Pediatrics, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, IND.
Cureus
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
Los médicos en Mangalore muestran un conocimiento adecuado y actitudes positivas hacia la prevención del abuso infantil. Sin embargo, su práctica en la denuncia de abusos sigue siendo insatisfactoria, lo que indica la necesidad de mejorar la formación y la integración curricular.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación médica
- Pediatría
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El abuso infantil tiene consecuencias graves y duraderas, por lo que se necesitan estrategias eficaces de prevención.
- El abuso infantil abarca el abuso sexual, psicológico, físico y la negligencia, lo que requiere una comprensión y intervención integrales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el conocimiento, la actitud y la práctica (KAP) de los médicos con respecto al abuso infantil en Mangalore, India.
- Comparar los niveles de conocimiento y actitud entre diferentes grupos de profesionales médicos.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal descriptivo en el que participaron 317 médicos alópatas (prácticos, postgraduados, personal).
- Datos recogidos a través de cuestionarios autoadministrados (en línea e impresos) durante tres meses (mayo-julio de 2024).
- El análisis estadístico incluyó estadísticas descriptivas, pruebas de Mann-Whitney U y Kruskal-Wallis.
Principales resultados:
- Los médicos demostraron un conocimiento medio adecuado (10.03/14) y una actitud media moderada (4.23/6) hacia el abuso infantil.
- Las puntuaciones de conocimiento más altas se correlacionan con la edad, el género y los años de práctica (p < 0,05).
- A pesar de las actitudes y el conocimiento positivos, la práctica de denunciar el abuso infantil no fue satisfactoria.
Conclusiones:
- Si bien los médicos poseen un conocimiento y actitudes adecuados con respecto al abuso infantil, existe una brecha en la aplicación práctica y la denuncia.
- La mejora de los planes de estudios médicos y la implementación de programas de capacitación específicos son cruciales para mejorar la detección y notificación de abuso infantil.
- Hay un fuerte consenso entre los médicos sobre la importancia de crear conciencia sobre el abuso infantil dentro de la comunidad médica.
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