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Diferencias de género en la reserva cognitiva: ¿un impacto en la progresión del deterioro cognitivo subjetivo?
Giacomucci Giulia1, Moschini Valentina2, Ceccarelli Alice3
1Department of Neuroscience Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health University of Florence Florence Italy.
Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
Las mujeres con deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (DCS) tienen una reserva cognitiva (CR) más baja que los hombres, independientemente de los factores sociales. Un CR más alto reduce el riesgo de progresión a deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI), mientras que el género no influye en esta progresión.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología cognitiva
- Gerontología
Sus antecedentes:
- El deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (DCS) afecta a las personas que experimentan cambios cognitivos percibidos.
- La comprensión de los factores que influyen en la reserva cognitiva (CR) y la progresión al deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) es crucial.
- La investigación de las diferencias basadas en el género en la CR dentro de las poblaciones de SCD es esencial para las intervenciones específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las disparidades de género en la reserva cognitiva (CR) entre las personas con deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (SCD).
- Examinar cómo la interacción entre el género y la CR influye en el riesgo de progresión a deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI).
- Explorar el papel de los factores socioculturales en la mediación de las diferencias de género en la CR.
Principales métodos:
- Se incluyeron 440 pacientes con ECS, cuya CR se estimó utilizando la inteligencia premórbida (Test di Intelligenza Breve [TIB]).
- Los pacientes se estratificaron por cohorte de nacimiento (antes/después de 1950) para tener en cuenta las variaciones socioculturales.
- Un modelo de campo aleatorio de Markov (MRF) y regresión logística analizaron las relaciones entre género, CR, educación, edad y riesgo de progresión de MCI.
Principales resultados:
- Las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones TIB significativamente más bajas en comparación con los hombres (p < 0,001).
- El modelo MRF indicó una asociación inversa entre la TIB y el género femenino, independiente de los efectos generacionales.
- La progresión a MCI se predijo por edad, estado de APOE y puntuaciones de TIB, pero no por género.
Conclusiones:
- El género tiene un impacto significativo en la reserva cognitiva (CR) en SCD, pero no a través de variables socioeconómicas o socioculturales.
- La reserva cognitiva (CR) es un predictor significativo del riesgo de progresión de MCI.
- No se encontró que el género en sí mismo fuera un predictor directo de la progresión de MCI en esta cohorte de ECS.
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