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Comprender las diferencias en los tipos de apoyo social y sus efectos en la salud mental a lo largo del tiempo para
Elliot Tebbe1, Nadra E Lisha2, Torsten B Neilands3
1School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
El apoyo social es vital para la salud mental de los adultos trans y no binarios (TNB). Sin embargo, los niveles de apoyo más altos no amortiguaron significativamente los impactos del estrés minoritario a lo largo del tiempo en este estudio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación de la salud mental
- Sociología
- Psicología
Sus antecedentes:
- El apoyo social generalmente beneficia la salud mental de los adultos trans y no binarios (TNB).
- Existe una comprensión limitada de los tipos específicos de apoyo y su mitigación a largo plazo de los daños causados por el estrés minoritario.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los tipos de apoyo social y su asociación con la salud mental a lo largo del tiempo en adultos con TNB.
- Identificar las tipologías de apoyo social y su impacto en los resultados de la salud mental.
- Examinar si los perfiles de apoyo moderan la relación entre los factores estresantes minoritarios y la salud mental.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis del perfil latente (LPA) para identificar las tipologías de apoyo social.
- Análisis de una muestra diversa de 2.411 adultos TNB (de 18 a 30 años, LGBQA +, identidades de género variadas).
- Evaluación longitudinal de los resultados de la salud mental (depresión, TEPT) y el estrés de las minorías.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron tres perfiles de apoyo: Bajo (39,6%), Moderado (40,7%) y Alto (19,7%).
- El grupo de bajo apoyo reportó peor depresión y TEPT; identidades marginadas agrupadas aquí.
- Los perfiles de apoyo más altos no amortiguaron significativamente los efectos del estrés minoritario en la salud mental a lo largo del tiempo.
Conclusiones:
- Existen tipologías de apoyo social entre los adultos TNB, con asociaciones distintas de salud mental.
- La falta de un efecto amortiguador significativo sugiere interacciones complejas entre el apoyo, el estrés y la salud mental.
- Los hallazgos ponen de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones matizadas para abordar el estrés de las minorías en las poblaciones TNB.
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