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¿Cómo organizan los padres las interacciones bilingües de sus hijos autistas en entornos cotidianos?

Shana R Cohen¹, Alison Wishard Guerra¹, María José Aragón¹

¹University of California San Diego, USA.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

Los cuidadores multilingües apoyan efectivamente el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños autistas utilizando diversas estrategias lingüísticas, desafiando el consejo anticuado de usar solo inglés. Las intervenciones basadas en activos pueden aprovechar estas fortalezas.

Área de la Ciencia:

La lingüística
Psicología del desarrollo
Educación especial

Sus antecedentes:

Las recomendaciones históricas aconsejaban el uso monolingüe del inglés para el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños autistas.
Este enfoque pasa por alto los recursos lingüísticos de las familias multilingües.
El multilingüismo se considera una práctica que trasciende la mera competencia lingüística.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar cómo los cuidadores multilingües utilizan sus recursos lingüísticos para apoyar el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños autistas.
Desafiar la narrativa basada en el déficit que rodea el multilingüismo y el autismo.
Informar las estrategias de intervención basadas en activos.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de 108 vídeos de cinco familias de origen español y mexicano.
Utilizó un marco de socialización del lenguaje crítico.
Interacciones entre el cuidador y el niño durante las actividades diarias durante 10 días.

Principales resultados:

Las familias empleaban con flexibilidad una variedad de recursos lingüísticos en sus interacciones diarias.
Las actividades de transporte facilitaron el lenguaje descontextualizado, el razonamiento abstracto y la predicción.
La variabilidad en las estrategias maternas de andamiaje impactó en el uso del lenguaje descontextualizado de los niños.

Conclusiones:

El multilingüismo es un activo valioso para apoyar el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños autistas.
Las estrategias de intervención deben basarse en los activos, aprovechando las fortalezas de las familias.
Los entornos de actividades en el hogar y el andamiaje de los cuidadores juegan un papel crucial en la adquisición del lenguaje.

Palabras clave:

ajustes de actividad trastornos del espectro autista Niños autistas bilingües comunicación y lenguaje Lenguaje descontextualizado Factores ambientales niños autistas multilingües

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