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La IA puede exacerbar el trilema energético
1Department of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Integrated environmental assessment and management
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) aumenta significativamente el trilema energético global, aumentando la demanda y amenazando la seguridad, la equidad y la sostenibilidad. Abordar el impacto energético de la IA requiere una gobernanza inclusiva para el desarrollo sostenible.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Política energética
- Inteligencia artificial
- Desarrollo sostenible
Sus antecedentes:
- La rápida expansión de la inteligencia artificial está creando una demanda de electricidad sin precedentes.
- El consumo proyectado de electricidad de la IA para 2030 podría competir con el consumo anual total de energía de Japón.
- Este aumento exacerba el trilema energético global, afectando la seguridad, la equidad y la sostenibilidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los impactos multifacéticos de la inteligencia artificial en el trilema energético global.
- Para resaltar las amenazas planteadas por la creciente demanda de electricidad de la IA para la seguridad energética, la equidad y la sostenibilidad.
- Subrayar la necesidad de integrar la IA en los marcos de desarrollo sostenible.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis cualitativo de las tendencias actuales en el desarrollo de la IA y el consumo de energía.
- Proyección de la demanda futura de electricidad por IA basada en las tasas de crecimiento existentes.
- Evaluación de las implicaciones socioeconómicas y medioambientales de la IA en los sistemas energéticos.
Principales resultados:
- El crecimiento de la demanda de electricidad de la IA supera el desarrollo de la infraestructura de la red, arriesgando crisis de energía y amenazando la seguridad energética.
- La implementación de la IA profundiza la inequidad energética, elevando los precios locales y creando desequilibrios globales en los beneficios de los recursos y las cargas ambientales.
- Las ganancias de productividad de IA a corto plazo se ven eclipsadas por el consumo de energía insostenible, lo que desafía la sostenibilidad energética a largo plazo.
Conclusiones:
- La realización del potencial de la IA para una transición verde depende de su integración en estructuras de gobernanza inclusivas.
- Alinear la trayectoria de la IA con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible es crucial para mitigar sus impactos energéticos negativos.
- Los marcos proactivos de política y gobernanza son esenciales para equilibrar el avance de la IA con la seguridad energética global, la equidad y la sostenibilidad.
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