Interacción y modificación del efecto en la asociación entre el estatus socioeconómico y el tabaquismo adolescente:
Sarah Bitar1, Florian Manneville1,2, Jennifer O'Loughlin3,4
1INSPIIRE, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France.
Epidemiologic reviews
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
El estatus socioeconómico (SES) y el tabaquismo en los adolescentes están vinculados, y los factores de raza/etnia y vecindario moderan significativamente esta relación. Se necesita más investigación sobre otros moderadores y métodos estandarizados para reducir las desigualdades entre los adolescentes que fuman.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Ciencias sociales
Sus antecedentes:
- El estatus socioeconómico (SES, por sus siglas en inglés) es un factor conocido que determina el comportamiento de los adolescentes al fumar.
- La comprensión de los factores que modifican esta asociación es crucial para las intervenciones de salud pública específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente la modificación del efecto y los factores de interacción que moderan la asociación entre el SES y el tabaquismo en adolescentes.
- Identificar los moderadores clave y evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios pertinentes.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura de PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO y Web of Science (2011-2021).
- Se incluyen 23 estudios cuantitativos de observación que informan sobre los moderadores.
- Extracción de datos y evaluación de la calidad utilizando las directrices STROBE.
Principales resultados:
- Trece de los 23 estudios reportaron una moderación significativa.
- La raza / etnia y el vecindario SES fueron moderadores significativos.
- Se observó una adhesión limitada a las mejores prácticas metodológicas.
Conclusiones:
- La raza / etnia y el vecindario SES son moderadores clave de la relación SES-tabaco en adolescentes.
- Las investigaciones adicionales deberían explorar moderadores poco estudiados y emplear metodologías estandarizadas.
- Se necesitan mejores intervenciones para abordar las desigualdades entre los adolescentes que fuman.
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