Representación neural de sustantivos y verbos en personas congénitamente ciegas y videntes
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Marta Urbaniak1,2, Małgorzata Paczyńska3, Alfonso Caramazza4,5,6
1Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Nature communications
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
En las personas ciegas, la corteza visual del cerebro procesa el lenguaje representando las propiedades físicas de las palabras. El área V5/MT distingue específicamente entre sustantivos concretos y verbos basados en el movimiento, no en conceptos abstractos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Ciencias cognitivas
- Sustitución sensorial
Sus antecedentes:
- El procesamiento del lenguaje en individuos ciegos activa la corteza visual.
- Las representaciones específicas dentro de la corteza visual siguen sin estar claras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar qué información se procesa en la corteza visual durante la comprensión del lenguaje en individuos ciegos.
- Para determinar si las áreas visuales específicas representan propiedades físicas de los referentes de las palabras.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó la resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) para medir la actividad cerebral en individuos ciegos.
- Los participantes escucharon sustantivos y verbos concretos y abstractos hablados.
Principales resultados:
- El área V5/MT mostró respuestas diferenciales a los sustantivos hablados frente a los verbos.
- Este efecto fue significativo para las palabras concretas, pero no para las palabras abstractas o pseudo.
- Otras áreas visuales no mostraron esta distinción entre sustantivo y verbo.
Conclusiones:
- El área V5/MT en individuos ciegos representa las propiedades físicas, particularmente el movimiento, de referentes de palabras concretas.
- Esto sugiere una organización funcional basada en atributos físicos en lugar de características abstractas o gramaticales.
- Las respuestas de la corteza visual al lenguaje en la ceguera pueden reflejar propiedades físicas proyectadas en la organización funcional típica.
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