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El pensamiento negativo repetitivo media la relación entre la autoestima y el agotamiento en un estudio de evaluación

Malin Brueckmann¹, Justin Hachenberger², Elke Wild²

¹Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. malin.brueckmann@uni-bielefeld.de.

Communications psychology

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

La baja autoestima predice mayor agotamiento estudiantil. Mejorar la autoestima puede reducir el agotamiento al disminuir el pensamiento negativo repetitivo, lo que sugiere un objetivo potencial de intervención para la salud mental de los estudiantes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología
Salud mental
Bienestar de los estudiantes

Sus antecedentes:

Los estudios interpersonales relacionan la baja autoestima y el pensamiento negativo repetitivo con el agotamiento de los estudiantes.
Los procesos dentro de la persona pueden diferir de las asociaciones entre personas en la comprensión de la angustia psicológica.
La evaluación momentánea ecológica (EMA) es valiosa para capturar las fluctuaciones dinámicas dentro de la persona.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las relaciones dentro del día y día a día entre la autoestima, el pensamiento negativo repetitivo y el agotamiento en los estudiantes universitarios.
Examinar el posible papel mediador del pensamiento negativo repetitivo en el vínculo entre la autoestima y el agotamiento.
Explorar la dinámica temporal y la bidireccionalidad potencial de estas construcciones.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio de evaluación momentánea ecológica (EMA) de cuatro semanas.
Participaron 96 estudiantes universitarios durante un período de examen.
Evaluación de la autoestima, pensamientos negativos repetitivos (ruminación, preocupación antes de dormir) y agotamiento varias veces al día.

Principales resultados:

Una mayor autoestima predijo un menor agotamiento dentro del día y día a día.
Una mayor autoestima redujo el pensamiento negativo repetitivo, lo que a su vez redujo el agotamiento.
Se observó una relación bidireccional, con el agotamiento que también predice un aumento del pensamiento negativo y una disminución de la autoestima.

Conclusiones:

El pensamiento negativo repetitivo media significativamente la relación entre la autoestima y el agotamiento tanto a nivel interno como entre las personas.
Los hallazgos sugieren un círculo vicioso donde la baja autoestima, el pensamiento negativo y el agotamiento se refuerzan mutuamente.
Las intervenciones dirigidas a la autoestima y al pensamiento negativo repetitivo pueden ser cruciales para mitigar el agotamiento de los estudiantes.

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