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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Quantification of the Potential Impact of Glyphosate-Based Products on Microbiomes
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Por qué los internistas deben preocuparse por el glifosato

Agostino Di Ciaula1,2, Harshitha Shanmugam3, Mohamad Khalil3

  • 1Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy. agodiciaula@gmail.com.

Internal and emergency medicine
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

El glifosato, un herbicida común, plantea riesgos significativos para la salud pública, incluidas las enfermedades no transmisibles y el cáncer. Los expertos en medicina interna deben crear conciencia y abogar por la reducción de la exposición a este peligro ambiental.

Palabras clave:
Defensa de los derechosSalud del medio ambienteEl glifosatoMedicina internaPrevención primaria

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud del medio ambiente
  • Toxicología
  • Médico interno

Sus antecedentes:

  • La evidencia creciente vincula factores ambientales como la contaminación del aire, los productos químicos que alteran el sistema endocrino y el cambio climático con resultados adversos para la salud.
  • El glifosato, un herbicida ampliamente utilizado, es cada vez más reconocido como un problema importante de salud pública.
  • La exposición humana al glifosato se asocia con varios problemas de salud, incluida una mayor mortalidad y enfermedades crónicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Resaltar la obligación ética de los expertos en medicina interna con respecto a la salud ambiental.
  • Subrayar los riesgos asociados con la exposición al glifosato, en particular las enfermedades no transmisibles y el cáncer.
  • Abogar por una mayor conciencia y acción entre los profesionales de la salud y la comunidad.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de las pruebas científicas existentes sobre los efectos del glifosato en la salud.
  • Análisis de las asociaciones entre la detección de glifosato en humanos y los resultados de salud.
  • Examen de estudios en animales sobre la ingesta a largo plazo de glifosato y la incidencia del cáncer.
  • Consideraciones éticas para los profesionales médicos en el tratamiento de los riesgos ambientales.

Principales resultados:

  • La exposición al glifosato está relacionada con la mortalidad por todas las causas, la fragilidad, la resistencia a la insulina, la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el hígado graso y la EPOC.
  • Los estudios en animales muestran un aumento de la incidencia de cáncer dependiente de la dosis con el consumo a largo plazo de glifosato, incluso a niveles bajos.
  • Los expertos en medicina interna tienen un papel crucial en la educación del público y la promoción de la reducción de riesgos.

Conclusiones:

  • El glifosato representa un riesgo sustancial para la salud ambiental que requiere atención urgente por parte de los profesionales médicos.
  • La participación ética de los internistas puede impulsar discusiones y acciones para mitigar los riesgos para la salud relacionados con el glifosato.
  • El enfoque "Una sola salud" es esencial para abordar la compleja interacción entre los factores ambientales y la salud humana.