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Biogeografía global de los virus transmitidos por el aire en los sistemas de transporte público y sus interacciones

Huaxin Lei¹, Shicong Du¹, Xinzhao Tong^1,2

¹School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

Los virus transmitidos por el aire en entornos construidos globales muestran patrones geográficos y estrategias de supervivencia distintos. Las condiciones físicas influyen en la evolución del virus y las interacciones del huésped, que difieren de los ecosistemas ricos en nutrientes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología ambiental
Virología
La bioinformática

Sus antecedentes:

La comprensión de los virus en entornos construidos (BE) es incompleta.
Este estudio investiga los virus transmitidos por el aire en los sistemas de transporte público en seis ciudades globales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para caracterizar los virus transmitidos por el aire en las EEB.
Para determinar la taxonomía viral, el potencial funcional y las interacciones del huésped.
Para explorar las correlaciones entre virus y huésped y la dinámica coevolucionaria.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de 503 metagenomas de muestras de aire.
Recuperación del genoma viral mediante el binning metagenómico.
Perfiles taxonómicos y funcionales de virus y huéspedes.

Principales resultados:

Los virus transmitidos por el aire exhiben variaciones biogeográficas significativas.
Se detectaron genes de resistencia a los antimicrobianos en los genomas virales.
Se observaron fuertes correlaciones de abundancia entre el virus y el huésped, con una coevolución limitada de CRISPR-Cas/Acr.
Los genes metabólicos auxiliares codificados por los fagos pueden mejorar la aptitud del huésped.

Conclusiones:

Las condiciones del entorno construido determinan la supervivencia y la coevolución del virus en el aire.
Los virus transmitidos por el aire en las BEs poseen características distintas en comparación con otros ecosistemas.

Palabras clave:

Viromas en el aire Entornos construidos La metagenómica Coevolución entre virus y huésped

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