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Barreras relacionadas con el costo para el uso de medicamentos entre diversos participantes con asma asociada a la
Luyu Xie1, Joohan Kim2, Jaime P Almandoz3
1Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
|August 30, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con asma asociada a la obesidad enfrentan mayores barreras de costo de la medicación. A pesar de esto, los pacientes negros e hispanos con asma asociada a la obesidad tienen menos probabilidades de omitir medicamentos que los pacientes blancos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de los pulmones
- Investigación en servicios de salud
- Disparidades en materia de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- El asma asociada a la obesidad (AAO) está relacionada con peores resultados de salud en comparación con el asma con peso saludable.
- La influencia de las barreras de costos en la adherencia a la medicación en OAA, particularmente entre diferentes grupos raciales y étnicos, sigue siendo insuficientemente examinada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de las barreras relacionadas con el costo en el uso de medicamentos entre los adultos con OAA.
- Analizar cómo estas barreras de costo y los patrones de uso de medicamentos difieren entre las poblaciones raciales y étnicas.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal utilizó datos del programa Todos nosotros (mayo de 2017 a agosto de 2024).
- El asma asociada a la obesidad (OAA) se definió por el registro electrónico de salud confirmado de asma y un IMC ≥30 kg/ m2.
- Las barreras relacionadas con el costo para el uso de medicamentos fueron la medida de resultado primaria.
Principales resultados:
- El estudio incluyó a 21.108 pacientes adultos con asma, de los cuales el 51,7% presentaba AAO (IMC promedio de 38,6 kg/ m2).
- Los pacientes con OAA demostraron mayores probabilidades de experimentar barreras relacionadas con el costo (aOR 1,121, P < 0,05).
- A pesar de enfrentar problemas de asequibilidad, las personas negras e hispanas no hispanas con OAA tenían menos probabilidades de omitir medicamentos (aOR 0.82, P = 0.013; aOR 0.80, P = 0.033, respectivamente) y solicitar alternativas de menor costo en comparación con las personas blancas no hispanas.
Conclusiones:
- Se identificaron diferencias raciales y étnicas significativas en las barreras relacionadas con los costos para los pacientes con OAA.
- Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones de atención médica adaptadas a la cultura para mitigar las disparidades de salud y mejorar el manejo del asma en diversas poblaciones.
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