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Variabilidad anatómica de los senos etmoides y esfenoides

N Yurevych¹, P Pokotylo², M Podoliuk²

¹1Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.

Georgian medical news

|August 30, 2025

Resumen

Las variaciones anatómicas en los senos etmoides y esfenoides son comunes. Comprender estos patrones es crucial para una cirugía segura de la base del cráneo y evitar complicaciones.

Área de la Ciencia:

La anatomía
Radiología
Neurocirugía

Sus antecedentes:

Los senos etmoides y esfenoides tienen una variabilidad anatómica significativa.
Esta variabilidad impacta los enfoques quirúrgicos y los riesgos de complicaciones en los procedimientos de la base sinusal y craneal.

Objetivo del estudio:

Caracteriza los patrones morfométricos y las variantes anatómicas de los senos etmoides y esfenoides.
Analizar la importancia quirúrgica y clínica de estas variaciones.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de 400 tomografías de alta resolución.
Clasificación de los senos nasales por neumatización, dimensiones y variantes.
Reconstrucciones 3D para evaluar la orientación espacial y la proximidad a las estructuras neurovasculares.

Principales resultados:

La complejidad del seno etmoide está relacionada con corredores quirúrgicos más estrechos y un mayor riesgo de etmoidectomía incompleta.
La neumatización esfenoide varía (pre-célula, después de la célula, después de la célula).
Las células onódicas (13%) cerca del canal óptico; los esfenoides septados (21%) cerca del canal de la arteria carótida.

Conclusiones:

El conocimiento anatómico detallado de la morfología sinusal posterior es esencial para una cirugía segura.
Este estudio proporciona un atlas morfométrico para la planificación quirúrgica individualizada.

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