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Avances recientes en el desarrollo de fármacos para la tuberculosis pulmonar

Koushik Mukherjee¹, Pritam Saha², Kirat Kumar Ganguly³

¹Department of Microbiology, Kalyani Mahavidyalaya, City Centre Complex, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India. koushikmukh@gmail.com.

Archives of microbiology

|August 30, 2025

Resumen

El tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB) se enfrenta a los desafíos de las cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistentes a los medicamentos. Los nuevos regímenes como BPaLM y las opciones totalmente orales ofrecen mejores resultados, pero la investigación en curso es vital para combatir la resistencia en evolución.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Enfermedades infecciosas
Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

La tuberculosis (TB), causada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), sigue siendo un problema de salud mundial crítico, que infecta a millones de personas cada año.
La resistencia a los medicamentos, incluidas las cepas multirresistentes (MDR) y extensamente resistentes a los medicamentos (XDR), complica significativamente el tratamiento con los medicamentos antituberculosos de primera y segunda línea (ATD) actuales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las limitaciones de los regímenes de tratamiento de la tuberculosis existentes.
Discutir los avances recientes en el manejo farmacológico de la tuberculosis, incluido el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos y estrategias terapéuticas.
Destacar los enfoques innovadores para la lucha contra la tuberculosis resistente a los medicamentos.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre las directrices actuales para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis y investigaciones recientes.
Análisis de las opciones terapéuticas emergentes para la tuberculosis sensible y resistente a los medicamentos.
Discusión de los desafíos en la gestión de la tuberculosis, como la adherencia y la evolución de los patrones de resistencia.

Principales resultados:

Introducción de regímenes más cortos de seis meses y opciones de tratamiento exclusivamente oral (por ejemplo, el régimen BPaLM) para la tuberculosis resistente a la MDR/rifampicina.
Disponibilidad de regímenes más largos de 18 a 20 meses para casos de resistencia compleja.
La investigación en curso se centra en nuevas moléculas de medicamentos, terapias complementarias y diagnósticos más rápidos para mejorar la eficacia y la tolerabilidad.

Conclusiones:

Los avances recientes ofrecen mejores resultados en el tratamiento de diversas formas de tuberculosis, incluidas las cepas resistentes a los medicamentos.
Un enfoque centrado en el paciente es crucial para lograr resultados equitativos y sostenibles en la salud mundial de la tuberculosis.
La investigación y la innovación continuas son esenciales para hacer frente a la amenaza en evolución de la Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Palabras clave:

Medicamento contra la tuberculosis La tuberculosis MDR Las nanocargadoras Nuevos medicamentos para la tuberculosis La tuberculosis XDR TB (en inglés)

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