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Aumento de la carga de la apnea del sueño en los ancianos en Finlandia de 1996 a 2018: un estudio del registro

Hannele Hasala¹, Tiina Mattila², Hanna-Riikka Kreivi²

¹Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, PO Box 2000 33521 Tampere, Finland.

Respiratory medicine and research

|August 30, 2025

Resumen

Los diagnósticos de apnea obstructiva del sueño y los costos han aumentado significativamente en los finlandeses de edad avanzada. Se observa una mejora en el diagnóstico, pero el tratamiento dirigido de presión positiva continua de las vías respiratorias (CPAP) es crucial para evitar el tratamiento excesivo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gerontología
Salud pública
Medicina de las vías respiratorias

Sus antecedentes:

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) representa una carga creciente para la atención médica en todo el mundo.
Los diagnósticos finlandeses de AOS se multiplicaron por siete entre 1996 y 2018.
Este estudio examina las tendencias de la AOS en finlandeses de edad avanzada (≥ 60 años) a lo largo de 23 años.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar la prevalencia y los costos de atención médica de la apnea del sueño diagnosticada en la población finlandesa de edad avanzada.
Investigar las tendencias en la utilización del tratamiento de presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias (CPAP, por sus siglas en inglés) y los costes asociados.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos basados en registros de los servicios públicos de salud de Finlandia (1996-2018).
Se analizó una segunda cohorte de clínicas ambulatorias respiratorias en Tampere y Helsinki (2010-2019).
Centrada en personas de 60 años o más.

Principales resultados:

Los diagnósticos de apnea del sueño por cada 100.000 personas aumentaron nueve veces en el grupo de edad 60-69 y 23 veces en el grupo ≥70.
Los costos directos de atención médica para la apnea del sueño aumentaron de 1 millón de euros a 16 millones de euros, principalmente debido al aumento de los costos de tratamiento ambulatorio con CPAP.
La obesidad fue identificada como un factor de riesgo significativo y creciente.

Conclusiones:

El diagnóstico de apnea del sueño y los costos del tratamiento con CPAP han aumentado de manera alarmante entre los finlandeses de edad avanzada.
Si bien la mejora de la conciencia y el diagnóstico contribuyen, existe el riesgo de un diagnóstico excesivo y un tratamiento excesivo.
El tratamiento con CPAP requiere una mejor orientación a los pacientes que realmente lo necesitan.

Palabras clave:

El CPAP Los ancianos Obesidad Apnea del sueño

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