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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Nuclear Export01:42

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

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A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
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Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Cambios conformacionales dependientes de los nucleótidos exportación directa de péptidos por el transportador

James Lee1, Victor Manon2, Jue Chen3

  • 1Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biology, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Immunity
|August 30, 2025
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Resumen

El transportador asociado con el procesamiento de antígenos (TAP) mueve los péptidos al retículo endoplasmático para las respuestas inmunes. Las estructuras cryo-EM revelan cómo el TAP cambia de forma para transportar y liberar péptidos, evitando el estrés ER.

Palabras clave:
El transportador ABCSe incluyen los siguientes:inmunidad adaptativaPresentación del antígenoDominio de unión de nucleótidostransportador asociado con el procesamiento de antígenos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Inmunología
  • Biología estructural

Sus antecedentes:

  • El transportador asociado con el procesamiento de antígenos (TAP) es crucial para la inmunidad adaptativa.
  • TAP facilita el transporte de péptidos antigénicos desde el citoplasma hasta el retículo endoplasmático (ER).
  • Este proceso es esencial para la carga de péptidos en las moléculas principales del complejo de histocompatibilidad clase I (MHC-I).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Elucidar los mecanismos estructurales de transporte y liberación de péptidos por el heterodímero TAP humano.
  • Comprender los estados funcionales de TAP a lo largo de su ciclo de transporte.
  • Para proporcionar una base estructural para fenómenos como el atrapamiento de vanadato y la transinhibición.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó la crio-microscopía electrónica (crio-EM) para determinar las estructuras de alta resolución.
  • Las estructuras del heterodímero TAP humano fueron capturadas en múltiples estados funcionales.
  • El análisis se centró en los cambios conformacionales relacionados con la unión y la hidrólisis de ATP.

Principales resultados:

  • Se resolvieron distintas conformaciones de TAP orientadas hacia adentro y hacia afuera.
  • La unión de ATP estabiliza el estado orientado hacia adentro, exponiendo la cavidad del péptido al citosol.
  • La transición al estado orientado hacia el exterior reconfigura el sitio de unión al péptido para la liberación luminal de ER.
  • La hidrólisis de ATP y la separación del dominio de unión de nucleótidos impulsan el ciclo de transporte y restablecen el transportador.

Conclusiones:

  • Se ha establecido un marco estructural completo para el transporte de péptidos mediado por TAP.
  • Los hallazgos explican el mecanismo de transporte y liberación unilateral de péptidos.
  • El estudio pone de relieve la base estructural de la transinhibición, un mecanismo de retroalimentación que previene el estrés ER.