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Caracterización de cómo los médicos pediátricos crean conciencia de elección al realizar la toma de decisiones

Holly Hoa Vo1, Jeffrey D Robinson2, Douglas J Opel3

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Los médicos utilizan diversos enfoques para informar a los pacientes sobre las opciones médicas durante la toma de decisiones compartida (SDM). Estandarizar cómo se comunica la conciencia de elección puede mejorar la implementación de SDM en la atención pediátrica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Comunicación médica
  • Proceso de toma de decisiones compartida
  • Cuidado de la salud pediátrica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La toma de decisiones compartida (SDM) es crucial para la atención centrada en el paciente, involucrando a los pacientes en las elecciones médicas.
  • La comunicación efectiva de las opciones de tratamiento es esencial para el éxito de SDM.
  • Comprender cómo los médicos crean conciencia de elección es clave para mejorar la implementación de SDM.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Caracterizar los métodos que los médicos pediátricos utilizan para crear una conciencia de elección durante el SDM.
  • Analizar las estrategias de comunicación del médico para presentar múltiples opciones de tratamiento a los pacientes.
  • Identificar variaciones en la forma en que se establece la conciencia de elección en encuentros clínicos pediátricos.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis secundario de un estudio transversal de observación con encuentros pediátricos grabados.
  • El análisis de conversación se aplicó a 34 decisiones compartidas de 21 encuentros en los que los médicos informaron que realizaban MDS.
  • La inclusión de médicos de 6 especialidades pediátricas en un solo hospital infantil de los Estados Unidos.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron dos enfoques principales para crear conciencia sobre las opciones: el "enfoque de opción única" y el "enfoque de opciones múltiples".
  • El enfoque de una sola opción presenta inicialmente una opción recomendada, permitiendo que surjan otras si es necesario.
  • El enfoque de opciones múltiples presenta explícitamente todas las opciones disponibles por adelantado, lo que facilita el SDM de manera más inequívoca.

Conclusiones:

  • Los médicos pediátricos muestran variabilidad en el establecimiento de la conciencia de elección durante el SDM.
  • El enfoque de opciones múltiples parece ser más eficaz para facilitar de manera inequívoca el MDS.
  • La estandarización de la comunicación de la conciencia de elección puede mejorar la implementación y la eficacia de la gestión de los recursos humanos.