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El fitocromo B y el factor de interacción con el fitocromo 4 modulan el crecimiento estacional de los árboles en

Bo Zhang¹, Keh Chien Lee², Laura García Romañach²

¹Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. bo.zhang@slu.se.

Nature communications

|August 30, 2025

Resumen

Los álamos utilizan el módulo PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB) - PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) para equilibrar las señales de fotoperiodo y temperatura. Este mecanismo evita el cese prematuro del crecimiento en entornos fríos, asegurando una adaptación óptima del árbol.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología vegetal
Genética molecular
Ecología

Sus antecedentes:

Los árboles en altas latitudes/altitudes requieren adaptación al frío para sobrevivir.
El cese del crecimiento y el tiempo de puesta de brotes son críticos para la adaptación del árbol al invierno.
El fotoperiodo y la temperatura influyen en el cese del crecimiento, pero el mecanismo sigue sin estar claro.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el mecanismo molecular que controla la interacción entre el fotoperíodo y la temperatura para regular el cese del crecimiento de los árboles.
Aclarar las funciones del FITOCROMO B (PHYB) y del FACTOR INTERACTIVO FITOCROMO 4 (PIF4) en la adaptación al frío de los árboles de Populus.

Principales métodos:

Investigó el módulo PHYB-PIF4 en árboles de álamo.
Analizó la interacción entre el fotoperíodo, la temperatura y la expresión génica.
Se ha examinado la unión de PIF4 al promotor de FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2).

Principales resultados:

El módulo PHYB-PIF4 evita el cese prematuro del crecimiento a temperaturas más bajas.
PHYB mantiene el crecimiento del álamo bajo temperaturas bajas y días largos.
PIF4 promueve el cese del crecimiento en respuesta a bajas temperaturas, suprimiendo la transcripción de FT2.
Las bajas temperaturas inhiben el PIF4 a niveles de transcripción y proteínas, evitando el cese prematuro del crecimiento.

Conclusiones:

Los álamos equilibran PHYB y PIF4 para optimizar el cese del crecimiento y el tiempo de puesta de brotes en entornos fríos.
El mecanismo implica que PIF4 suprima la transcripción de FT2, en contraste con las plantas anuales.
Este estudio revela una nueva estrategia de adaptación en los álamos para los climas fríos.

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