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Reemplazar el comportamiento sedentario con actividad física reduce los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión: un estudio
Bruna Carolina Rafael Barbosa1,2, Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior1,2, Laudicéia Ferreira Fróis1,2
1Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
BMC public health
|August 30, 2025
Resumen
Reemplazar el comportamiento sedentario con actividad física moderada o vigorosa reduce significativamente los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en los estudiantes universitarios. Esto pone de relieve la importancia de promover la actividad física en los entornos universitarios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Comportamientos de movimiento
- Investigación en salud mental
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La actividad física (AP) y el comportamiento sedentario (SB) están relacionados con los resultados de la salud mental.
- El reemplazo de SB por PA puede influir positivamente en la salud mental.
- Los estudiantes universitarios son un grupo demográfico clave para estudiar estos comportamientos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar cómo la sustitución de la SA por AP de intensidad moderada (APM) y AP de intensidad vigorosa (APV) afecta los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión.
- Para analizar el impacto de diferentes comportamientos de movimiento en la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios.
Principales métodos:
- Encuesta transversal multicéntrica de 8.059 estudiantes universitarios en Brasil.
- Evaluó la ansiedad y la depresión usando la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés-21.
- Utilizó un modelo logístico de sustitución isotemporal para analizar los efectos de SB, MPA y VPA.
Principales resultados:
- Más de la mitad de los estudiantes (55,09%) superaban las 9 horas diarias de actividad física; el 48,28% eran inactivos físicamente.
- La falta de cumplimiento de las pautas de movimiento se asoció fuertemente con un aumento de las probabilidades de ansiedad (OR: 1,89) y depresión (OR: 2,49).
- El análisis isotemporal mostró que la sustitución de SB por MPA o VPA redujo las probabilidades de síntomas de trastorno mental.
Conclusiones:
- La sustitución de SB por MPA o VPA reduce la probabilidad de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión.
- Las políticas públicas que promueven la PA y reducen la SB en las universidades son cruciales para la salud mental y física de los estudiantes.
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