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Más allá de los medicamentos usuales para el tratamiento del dolor óseo relacionado con el cáncer
Susan E King1, Amanda Dorrell2, Jill Rink3
11 The University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Wichita Campus, Wichita, Kansas.
The Senior care pharmacist
|August 31, 2025
Resumen
Los medicamentos alternativos ofrecen un posible alivio para el dolor óseo relacionado con el cáncer cuando los tratamientos estándar no son adecuados. Se necesita más investigación para confirmar la eficacia y el uso óptimo de estas opciones en pacientes de edad avanzada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Tratamiento del dolor
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- El dolor óseo relacionado con el cáncer es un problema común y debilitante en los adultos mayores.
- Los tratamientos estándar como los AINE y los opioides pueden verse limitados por las comorbilidades o reacciones adversas del paciente.
- Explorar estrategias alternativas de manejo del dolor es crucial para esta población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar medicamentos alternativos para el tratamiento del dolor óseo relacionado con el cáncer en personas mayores.
- Identificar terapias que minimicen los efectos adversos en comparación con los tratamientos estándar.
- Evaluar la eficacia potencial de las opciones no tradicionales de tratamiento del dolor.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed utilizando las palabras clave "dolor óseo" y "medicamentos".
- Se filtraron los artículos para incluir solo aquellos relevantes para el dolor óseo inducido por el cáncer en humanos, publicados en inglés entre 2004 y 2024.
- Doce artículos seleccionados fueron sintetizados para el análisis de datos.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron varias terapias alternativas, incluidos los bisfosfonatos, el denosumab, los antihistamínicos, los antidepresivos, los anticonvulsivos, los corticosteroides, la ketamina y los cannabinoides.
- Los bisfosfonatos y el denosumab fueron más prometedores en la prevención del dolor óseo que en el tratamiento.
- Los antidepresivos y los anticonvulsivos fueron beneficiosos para los componentes del dolor óseo neuropático.
Conclusiones:
- Las terapias alternativas son prometedoras para controlar el dolor óseo relacionado con el cáncer en pacientes que no pueden usar o no responden a los medicamentos estándar.
- La investigación adicional es esencial para establecer la eficacia y la aplicación óptima de estos tratamientos alternativos.
- Los enfoques de tratamiento individualizados son necesarios dada la variedad de respuestas a los diferentes medicamentos.
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