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Consumo de fluoruro durante el embarazo: cálculo de escenarios de exposición realistas para la evaluación de riesgos

A Sonnenburg¹, M Batke², G Damm³

¹Department Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany. anna.sonnenburg@bfr.bund.de.

Archives of toxicology

|August 31, 2025

Resumen

La ingesta de fluoruro de fuentes comunes como el té y la sal fluorada puede exceder los niveles seguros. Este estudio proporciona escenarios de exposición para ayudar a las personas a administrar su ingesta diaria de fluoruro, enfatizando la necesidad de etiquetar los productos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud del medio ambiente
Toxicología
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Los organismos reguladores evalúan los efectos adversos del fluoruro, y las revisiones recientes establecen niveles de ingesta seguros.
La Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA) recomienda una ingesta diaria máxima de fluoruro de 3,3 mg.
El enfoque en la exposición individual y las fuentes controlables es crucial para la salud pública.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la exposición individual al fluoruro de las principales fuentes dietéticas.
Evaluar la contribución de las fuentes influenciadas por el comportamiento personal a la ingesta diaria de fluoruro.
Desarrollar escenarios de exposición basados en los niveles seguros de fluoruro de la EFSA.

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática de las pruebas existentes sobre los efectos adversos del fluoruro.
Análisis de la contribución de fluoruro de fuentes específicas como el té y la sal fluorada.
Cálculo de los escenarios de exposición para la evaluación del riesgo individual.

Principales resultados:

El té negro, el té verde y la sal fluorada contribuyen significativamente a la exposición diaria al fluoruro.
Incluso por debajo de la ingesta promedio de sal, la sal fluorada puede elevar los niveles de fluoruro.
Es posible exceder la ingesta diaria segura de fluoruro de la EFSA con un consumo moderado de té y sal fluorada.

Conclusiones:

La exposición individual al fluoruro puede subestimarse, en particular por las bebidas comunes y los aditivos alimentarios.
El etiquetado claro del contenido de fluoruro es esencial para que el consumidor pueda tomar decisiones informadas.
La concienciación pública y los ajustes de comportamiento son necesarios para administrar eficazmente la ingesta de fluoruro.

Palabras clave:

Consumo de té negro y verde Evaluación de la exposición Sal fluorada Efectos del fluoruro en la salud Mujeres embarazadas

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