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Determinación de las respuestas corticales, corticospinales y reticulospinales al entrenamiento de fuerza a ritmo de

Yonas Akalu^1,2, Jamie Tallent^1,3, Ashlyn K Frazer¹

¹Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Monash University, PO Box 527, Frankston, Melbourne, VIC, 3199, Australia.

European journal of applied physiology

|August 31, 2025

Resumen

El entrenamiento de resistencia a ritmo de metrónomo (RT) aumenta la excitabilidad corticoespinal, ayudando a la recuperación de las deficiencias neuronales. La RT a su propio ritmo mejora las vías reticulospinales, beneficiosa para atletas y adultos mayores que buscan una mayor fuerza.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Fisiología del ejercicio

Sus antecedentes:

Los efectos neurofisiológicos agudos del entrenamiento de resistencia (ET) en las vías corticospinales y reticulospinales no se comprenden completamente.
Investigar diferentes modalidades de RT puede dilucidar sus impactos específicos en las vías neuronales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar cómo la RT a ritmo de metrónomo (MP-RT) y la RT a ritmo propio (SP-RT) afectan la excitabilidad corticospinal y reticulospinal.
Para comparar las respuestas neurofisiológicas entre MP-RT, SP-RT y un grupo de control.

Principales métodos:

Treinta y seis participantes RT-naive fueron asignados al azar en MP-RT, SP-RT o grupos de control.
La estimulación magnética transcraneal (TMS) evaluó las respuestas corticales, corticospinales y cortico-reticulospinarias.
La excitabilidad del tracto reticulospinal (RST) se midió a través del efecto de los estímulos sorprendentes en la velocidad de desarrollo de la fuerza (RFD).

Principales resultados:

MP-RT aumentó significativamente la excitabilidad corticoespinal y redujo el período de silencio cortical (cSP) y la inhibición cortical de corto intervalo (SICI).
SP-RT redujo el cSP y aumentó la relación de amplitud de potencial evocado ipsilateral a contralateral (ICAR).
SP-RT también mejoró la RFD bajo estímulos sorprendentes, lo que indica una mejora de la función reticulospinal.

Conclusiones:

MP-RT mejora la excitabilidad intracortical y corticoespinal, lo que puede ayudar a la rehabilitación de lesiones corticoespinales.
SP-RT mejora la excitabilidad cortico-reticular y reticulospinal, beneficiando a los atletas y adultos mayores para el aumento de la fuerza bruta.

Palabras clave:

El ICAR Tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza Entrenamiento de resistencia El tracto reticulospinal El TMS

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