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Periodos sensibles a la adversidad social en el desarrollo inmunológico y metabólico: una revisión sistemática
Logan Beyer1, Seetha H Davis1, Michelle M J Mens2
1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
|August 31, 2025
Resumen
La adversidad temprana afecta el desarrollo inmunológico y metabólico, con períodos sensibles más pronunciados en la infancia y la etapa prenatal. Estas experiencias tempranas influyen significativamente en los resultados de salud cardiometabólica de por vida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo
- Salud pública
- Inmunología
- Ciencias metabólicas
Sus antecedentes:
- La adversidad social en la infancia está relacionada con problemas cardiometabólicos de por vida.
- Comprender el momento de estas exposiciones es crucial para prevenir las disparidades de salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente los estudios de observación en humanos en los períodos sensibles a la adversidad social en el desarrollo inmunológico y metabólico.
- Para sintetizar la evidencia sobre cuándo la adversidad social afecta más el desarrollo temprano.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de los estudios observacionales que cumplen criterios específicos para la exposición a la adversidad social y los resultados inmunológicos y metabólicos.
- La inclusión requería informes independientes de adversidad social en múltiples puntos de tiempo antes de los 21 años.
- El análisis se centró en estudios que midieron biomarcadores inmunológicos y/o metabólicos después de la exposición.
Principales resultados:
- Veinticinco estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión; 20 se centraron en el desarrollo inmunológico, 6 en el desarrollo metabólico.
- La evidencia de períodos sensibles en el desarrollo inmunológico fue inconsistente, pero más fuerte en el prenatal y en la infancia.
- Los períodos sensibles para el desarrollo metabólico fueron más consistentes desde el nacimiento hasta los 12 años, alcanzando su punto máximo en la infancia.
Conclusiones:
- No existen pruebas suficientes para identificar con precisión los períodos sensibles para adversidades sociales específicas.
- Las experiencias tempranas de la vida afectan el funcionamiento inmunológico y metabólico.
- Las intervenciones que mejoran las circunstancias de la primera infancia pueden mejorar la salud cardiometabólica de por vida.
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