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Uso de sustancias y iniciación sexual precoz: un estudio entre adolescentes brasileños en edad escolar
Ana Laura Donaire Rapozero1, Giuliana Perrotte2, Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro2
1Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)
|August 31, 2025
Resumen
El consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia, incluido el alcohol y las drogas ilícitas, está fuertemente relacionado con el debut sexual temprano. Esto pone de relieve la necesidad de una prevención y educación integradas en las escuelas y las familias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud de los adolescentes
- Salud pública
- Ciencias del comportamiento
Sus antecedentes:
- La adolescencia es una etapa crítica de desarrollo caracterizada por cambios biopsicosociales y la participación en comportamientos de riesgo.
- La iniciación sexual temprana y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas son preocupaciones importantes para la salud pública entre los adolescentes.
- Existe una fuerte asociación entre el debut sexual temprano (antes de los 15 años) y el consumo de sustancias.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la relación entre el consumo reciente de sustancias psicoactivas y la iniciación sexual precoz entre los adolescentes brasileños.
- Identificar las sustancias específicas más fuertemente asociadas con el debut sexual temprano.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio analítico transversal utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE) de 2019.
- Los participantes incluyeron a 72.679 adolescentes brasileños de entre 15 y 17 años.
- Se evaluó el uso de sustancias en los últimos 30 días (nueve sustancias) y la iniciación sexual temprana.
Principales resultados:
- El 33,3% de los participantes informó una iniciación sexual temprana.
- El uso de todas las sustancias evaluadas se asoció significativamente con el debut sexual precoz.
- Las asociaciones más fuertes se observaron para el crack (aOR=1,91), la marihuana (aOR=1,58), otras drogas ilícitas (aOR=1,50) y el alcohol (aOR=1,47).
Conclusiones:
- El uso reciente de sustancias psicoactivas está fuertemente asociado con la iniciación sexual temprana en los adolescentes brasileños.
- Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de políticas públicas integrales que integren la prevención del consumo de sustancias y la educación en materia de salud sexual.
- Los enfoques multisectoriales que involucran a las escuelas, las familias y la atención sanitaria son cruciales.
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