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Cambios en las muertes por neumococos en los Estados Unidos después de la pandemia de COVID-19

Lianhan Shang¹, Stephanie Perniciaro¹, Daniel M Weinberger¹

¹Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

|August 31, 2025

Resumen

Las muertes por neumococo (pneumococo) se mantuvieron estables durante el inicio de la COVID-19, pero se dispararon a mediados de 2021, coincidiendo con la variante Delta. Los virus respiratorios influyeron significativamente en la gravedad de la enfermedad neumocócica durante la pandemia.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología
Dinámica de las enfermedades infecciosas
Vigilancia de la salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Comprender las tendencias de mortalidad por neumococos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 (2020-2022) es crucial.
Los datos anteriores sobre estos cambios siguen siendo limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar los cambios en las tasas de mortalidad por neumococos en los Estados Unidos de 2014 a 2022.
Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las muertes por neumococos.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó datos de estadísticas vitales de los Estados Unidos (Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de Salud) de 2014-2022.
Se emplearon modelos lineales generalizados para establecer tendencias previas a la pandemia (enero 2014-febrero 2020).
Modelos extrapolados para predecir las muertes por neumococos esperadas durante el período pandémico (marzo 2020-diciembre 2022).

Principales resultados:

Las muertes por neumococos mostraron pocos cambios a principios de 2020, siguiendo los patrones estacionales típicos.
Se observó una disminución de las muertes a finales de 2020/principios de 2021, por debajo de los niveles esperados.
Un aumento significativo en las muertes por neumococos ocurrió a mediados de 2021, coincidiendo con la ola Delta de COVID-19.

Conclusiones:

Los patrones de mortalidad por neumococos cambiaron significativamente durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
Los hallazgos subrayan el papel fundamental de los virus respiratorios en el desarrollo y la gravedad de la enfermedad neumocócica.

Palabras clave:

El COVID-19 El RSV el fallecimiento La gripe Enfermedad neumocócica

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