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Paquetes esenciales y ampliados basados en el consenso global para el cuidado paliativo y el alivio del dolor para
Tania Pastrana1, Liliana DE Lima2, Veronica Dussel3
1Department of Palliative Medicine, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany.
Journal of pain and symptom management
|August 31, 2025
Resumen
Se desarrollaron paquetes actualizados de cuidados paliativos para adultos y niños para abordar el sufrimiento grave relacionado con la salud (SHS). Estos paquetes validados a nivel mundial tienen como objetivo mejorar el acceso y reducir las desigualdades en los cuidados paliativos y el alivio del dolor.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global
- Investigación en cuidados paliativos
- La ética médica
Sus antecedentes:
- La Comisión Lancet introdujo el sufrimiento grave relacionado con la salud (SHS) y un paquete esencial para el cuidado paliativo y el alivio del dolor (PCPR) en 2018.
- El paquete PCPR inicial tenía limitaciones para abordar necesidades complejas y se enfrentó a desafíos en la implementación global.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Actualizar y ampliar el paquete esencial inicial de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor tanto para niños como para adultos.
- Desarrollar marcos validados a nivel mundial para guiar las estrategias nacionales de salud y mejorar los servicios de cuidados paliativos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio Delphi modificado en varias etapas en el que participaron dos grupos de expertos internacionales (adulto y pediátrico).
- Dos rondas de creación de consenso en Delphi con validación externa por expertos mundiales en cuidados paliativos.
- En la selección del panel se incluyeron diversos niveles de representación geográfica y de ingresos.
Principales resultados:
- Se llegó a un consenso sobre los paquetes esenciales actualizados para adultos y niños.
- Se crearon paquetes ampliados, que incorporaron medicamentos, equipos y recursos humanos adicionales.
- Se identificaron desigualdades significativas en la disponibilidad de medicamentos, especialmente en los países de ingresos bajos y medios, junto con un conocimiento limitado del paquete original.
Conclusiones:
- Los paquetes esenciales y ampliados validados a nivel mundial proporcionan un marco práctico para las estrategias nacionales de cuidados paliativos.
- La adopción de estos paquetes puede fortalecer los servicios de cuidados paliativos y reducir el sufrimiento grave relacionado con la salud.
- Estos paquetes son cruciales para el avance de la cobertura universal de salud.
Palabras clave:
El método DelphiCuidados paliativosSufrimiento grave relacionado con la salud (SHS)paquetes esenciales para la saludsalud globalMás Videos Relacionados
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