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Validación de la versión japonesa de la encuesta sobre el apoyo percibido por los supervisores

Takahiro Mori1, Kiminori Odagami1, Tomohisa Nagata1

  • 1Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.

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Resumen

Este estudio desarrolló y validó la versión japonesa de la Encuesta sobre el apoyo percibido por los supervisores (SPSS-J). El SPSS-J es una herramienta fiable para evaluar el apoyo percibido por los supervisores en los trabajadores japoneses, con una versión abreviada también disponible.

Palabras clave:
Japonesasapoyo organizativo percibidoapoyo percibido por el supervisorfiabilidadla validación

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología organizacional
  • Salud en el trabajo
  • Psicometría

Sus antecedentes:

  • El apoyo percibido por el supervisor (PSS) tiene un impacto significativo en el bienestar de los empleados y los resultados organizacionales.
  • Es posible que las medidas existentes para el PSS no se adapten culturalmente a los trabajadores japoneses.
  • El desarrollo de una versión validada en japonés es crucial para una evaluación precisa de la PSS en esta población.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una versión japonesa de la Encuesta sobre el apoyo percibido por los supervisores (SPSS-J).
  • Evaluar la validez estructural, la validez convergente, la coherencia interna y la fiabilidad de ensayo-reensayo del SPSS-J.
  • Para evaluar la utilidad de sus subescalas: SPSS-J (suficiencia de los aspectos positivos [SPA]) y SPSS-J (mínimo de los aspectos negativos [MNA]).

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo del SPSS-J basado en la versión japonesa de la Encuesta de apoyo organizativo percibido (SPOS-J).
  • Encuesta en línea con 1.946 participantes, seguida de una encuesta de prueba y reevaluación con 589 participantes.
  • Análisis de factores de confirmación (CFA) para la validez estructural, las correlaciones de Pearson para la validez convergente, el α de Cronbach y los coeficientes de correlación intraclase (ICC) para la confiabilidad.

Principales resultados:

  • CFA confirmó un buen ajuste para el modelo de dos factores, apoyando la validez estructural.
  • Las subescalas SPSS-J mostraron las correlaciones esperadas con SPOS-J, antecedentes (autonomía laboral, evaluación basada en fortalezas) y resultados (compromiso laboral, compromiso, intención de rotación).
  • SPSS-J demostró una alta consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach: .92 para SPA, .87 para MNA) y fiabilidad de prueba-re-prueba (ICCs: 0.77 para SPA, 0.74 para MNA).

Conclusiones:

  • El SPSS-J es un instrumento fiable y válido para medir el apoyo percibido por los supervisores entre los trabajadores japoneses.
  • La subescala SPSS-J (SPA) muestra potencial como una versión práctica y acortada para reducir la carga de los encuestados.
  • Los resultados apoyan la importancia de las SSP en el contexto ocupacional japonés.