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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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El envejecimiento fisiológico en tres dimensiones

Fei Ma1, Ranjan Sen1

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|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El envejecimiento altera la organización tridimensional (3D) de la cromatina, impactando la expresión génica y la función celular. Esta revisión explora los cambios relacionados con la edad en las estructuras del genoma 3D y sus vínculos con el envejecimiento y la senescencia.

Palabras clave:
Estructura tridimensional de la cromatinaenvejecimientoInteracción entre potenciador y promotorEl epigenomaenvejecimientoReglamento de transcripción

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La epigenética y la biología molecular
  • La genómica y la bioinformática
  • El envejecimiento celular y la gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El envejecimiento implica una disminución progresiva impulsada por cambios epigenéticos, incluida la metilación del ADN y las modificaciones de las histonas.
  • La organización tridimensional (3D) de la cromatina, crucial para la regulación génica, es un aspecto poco explorado del envejecimiento.
  • Las tecnologías de captura de conformación cromosómica revelan estructuras jerárquicas como compartimentos, TAD y bucles.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los hallazgos recientes sobre la reorganización asociada a la edad de las estructuras de la cromatina en 3D.
  • Para resaltar el impacto de estos cambios estructurales en la transcripción génica y la arquitectura nuclear.
  • Comparar la organización tridimensional de la cromatina en el envejecimiento frente a la senescencia, identificando características compartidas y distintas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura de estudios recientes sobre la organización del genoma en 3D y el envejecimiento.
  • Análisis de los datos de las tecnologías basadas en la captura de la conformación cromosómica (3C).
  • Análisis comparativo de los contextos de envejecimiento y senescencia con respecto a la estructura de la cromatina.

Principales resultados:

  • La evidencia emergente indica que el envejecimiento altera las estructuras tridimensionales de la cromatina, incluidos los compartimentos, los TAD y los bucles.
  • Estos cambios estructurales asociados a la edad se correlacionan con patrones alterados de expresión génica y disfunción celular.
  • Se observan alteraciones específicas en la arquitectura nuclear con el avance de la edad.

Conclusiones:

  • Los cambios relacionados con la edad en la organización tridimensional de la cromatina tienen un impacto significativo en la función celular y en el envejecimiento del organismo.
  • Comprender estas dinámicas estructurales es clave para descifrar los mecanismos de envejecimiento y desarrollar intervenciones.
  • Los roles compartidos y distintos de la organización de la cromatina 3D existen en el envejecimiento y la senescencia celular.