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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Polysome Profiling in Leishmania, Human Cells and Mouse Testis
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Polysome Profiling in Leishmania, Human Cells and Mouse Testis

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La clasificación del polisoma controla la localización del ARNm y el destino de las proteínas

Adham Safieddine1, Jonathan Bizarro2, Soha Salloum3

  • 1Development, Adaptation, and Aging (Dev2A), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.

Trends in cell biology
|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Las proteínas nacientes, no solo las secuencias de ARN, guían activamente la localización del ARN y la traducción local. Este control cotranslacional asegura que las proteínas lleguen a sus destinos celulares necesarios.

Palabras clave:
El Consejo EuropeoHSP90/R2TP chaperón (PAQosoma) y sus derivadosARNm centrosomalensamblaje cotranslacionalLocalización del ARNmTransporte de los polisomas

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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • Biología celular
  • La genética

Sus antecedentes:

  • La localización del ARN y la traducción local son cruciales para los procesos celulares como el patrón del embrión.
  • Tradicionalmente, se pensaba que las secuencias de ARN de acción cis regulaban únicamente el transporte y la traducción de ARNm, con ARNm silenciosos durante el transporte.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la evidencia emergente sobre el papel de las proteínas nacientes en la localización del ARN.
  • Destacar la importancia de las interacciones cotranslacionales en el control de la síntesis y el destino de las proteínas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura existente sobre la localización del ARN y la traducción local.
  • Análisis de ejemplos específicos: fábricas de traducción y ARNm centrosomal.

Principales resultados:

  • Las proteínas nacientes pueden participar activamente en la localización del ARN.
  • Los polisomas pueden regular su propio transporte y entrega.
  • Las interacciones co-translacionales son clave para el control espacio-temporal.

Conclusiones:

  • El papel de las proteínas nacientes en la localización del ARN desafía el paradigma tradicional.
  • Las interacciones cotranslacionales ofrecen una nueva perspectiva sobre la síntesis de proteínas y la regulación de la función celular.