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Prioridades y objetivos de los pacientes durante la recuperación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: un estudio de
Elizabeth Smith1, Pamela MacTavish2, Martin Shaw3
1Elizabeth Smith is a senior nurse, intensive care unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Resumen
Los supervivientes de enfermedades críticas tienen diversos objetivos de recuperación, incluidas las necesidades físicas, sociales y emocionales. Comprender estos objetivos centrados en el paciente es crucial para los programas de recuperación efectivos y la investigación futura.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina para cuidados intensivos
- Recuperación del paciente
- Investigación en servicios de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pacientes enfrentan desafíos multifacéticos después de la atención crítica, que afectan el bienestar físico, emocional, social y cognitivo.
- Existen datos limitados sobre las metas identificadas por el paciente para la recuperación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar los objetivos del paciente durante la recuperación de enfermedades críticas utilizando datos de un programa de recuperación de UCI multicéntrico.
- Informar la investigación futura y los modelos de prestación de cuidados mediante la comprensión de las vías óptimas de atención.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte descriptivo multicéntrico en el que participaron pacientes que acudían a los servicios de recuperación de cuidados intensivos después del alta.
- Los pacientes establecieron objetivos personales de atención con los profesionales de la salud durante la asistencia al programa.
- Se utilizó el análisis de marco para evaluar los objetivos establecidos de la atención.
Principales resultados:
- Se reclutaron 151 pacientes de 3 hospitales escoceses.
- 134 pacientes (88,7%) establecieron 314 objetivos personales.
- Los objetivos abarcaron los ámbitos físico, de gestión de la salud, emocional/psicosocial, de educación/empleo/propósito y social/interpersonal, relacionados tanto con las enfermedades crónicas como con la recuperación aguda.
Conclusiones:
- Los sobrevivientes de enfermedades críticas expresan diversos objetivos de recuperación que abordan las necesidades físicas, sociales y emocionales.
- Los médicos e investigadores deben incorporar estos objetivos centrados en el paciente en el diseño de la investigación intervencionista.
- Alinear la investigación con las expectativas de los pacientes es vital para el éxito de las iniciativas de recuperación de cuidados intensivos.
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