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Beber en exceso en Brasil durante la pandemia de Covid-19: ¿por qué el género sigue siendo importante?
Maria A T Ribeiro1, Matheus B Costanzi2, Andrea F Mello1
1Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
|August 31, 2025
Resumen
La prevalencia del consumo excesivo de alcohol se mantuvo estable durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El sexo masculino se relacionó constantemente con tasas más altas, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones de salud pública específicas durante las emergencias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Ciencias del comportamiento
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de COVID-19 presentó desafíos mundiales de salud pública sin precedentes.
- Beber en exceso es un comportamiento de alto riesgo asociado con numerosos problemas de salud y lesiones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la prevalencia del consumo excesivo de alcohol en cuatro momentos distintos durante el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19.
- Examinar las asociaciones entre las borracheras y las variables sociodemográficas durante este período.
- Para identificar tendencias en el comportamiento de consumo excesivo de alcohol durante la pandemia.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal que utiliza datos de la encuesta nacional de 11.205 participantes adultos (abril de 2020 - enero de 2021).
- Análisis de los factores sociodemográficos, incluidos el sexo, la edad, la orientación sexual, la raza/etnia, la educación y el estatus del trabajador sanitario.
- Aplicación de modelos de regresión para determinar las asociaciones con el consumo excesivo de alcohol en el mes anterior.
Principales resultados:
- Las tasas de consumo excesivo de alcohol demostraron estabilidad en los puntos de tiempo observados.
- El sexo masculino fue un predictor consistente de consumo excesivo de alcohol en todos los períodos de medición.
- La edad más joven, el nivel educativo más bajo y la orientación no heterosexual mostraron asociaciones con el consumo excesivo de alcohol en momentos específicos.
Conclusiones:
- Las persistentes disparidades de género en el consumo excesivo de alcohol subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones orientadas al género en las crisis de salud pública.
- Se requiere más investigación para comprender los efectos a largo plazo de la pandemia en el consumo de alcohol y los resultados de salud asociados.
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