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La adquisición de contrastes de consonantes simples y enfáticas por parte de los niños de habla árabe: un estudio
Anwar Alkhudidi1,2, Rebecca Holt1, Tuende Szalay3,4
1Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University.
Journal of child language
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio muestra que los niños que adquieren consonantes enfáticas árabes desarrollan señales acústicas tanto para sonidos claros como enfáticos. El contraste acústico aumenta con la edad, alineándose con los patrones de habla de los adultos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fonética
- Adquisición del lenguaje infantil
- Fonología acústica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las consonantes enfáticas árabes se consideran adquiridas tarde debido a las constricciones motoras complejas.
- Las investigaciones anteriores se basaron en datos impresionistas, sin análisis acústico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar acústicamente la adquisición de consonantes enfáticas en niños pequeños.
- Para analizar las señales acústicas consonánticas y vocales en hablantes de árabe saudí-hijazi de 3 a 6 años.
Principales métodos:
- Se administró una tarea de repetición de palabras reales a 38 niños.
- Se analizaron las mediciones acústicas de las características consonánticas y vocales.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños producían señales acústicas tanto para las consonantes simples como para las enfáticas.
- El contraste acústico aumentó con la edad y se alineó con los patrones de los adultos.
- Las vocales que preceden a las consonantes mostraron mayores contrastes que las vocales siguientes; las paradas mostraron un mayor contraste que las fricativas; las mujeres mostraron un mayor contraste que los hombres.
Conclusiones:
- Los niños adquieren señales acústicas para las consonantes enfáticas árabes, lo que demuestra la progresión del desarrollo.
- La coarticulación vocal juega un papel importante en la percepción del contraste enfático.
- Las diferencias de sexo en el contraste acústico justifican una mayor investigación en la adquisición de consonantes.
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