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Motores robóticos blandos con movimiento no recíproco por inteligencia física

Oliver Skarsetz¹, Piet J M Swinkels¹, Jacqueline Figueiredo da Silva¹

¹Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 1, 2025

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo motor de hidrogel que rompe la simetría para el movimiento continuo en la robótica suave. Este enfoque basado en materiales permite la acumulación de trabajo sin controles complejos, lo que hace avanzar los sistemas autónomos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Robótica suave
Ciencias de los materiales
La biofísica

Sus antecedentes:

El movimiento es crucial para los sistemas vivos, que dependen de la ruptura de simetría para el movimiento no recíproco y la acumulación de trabajo.
Los actuadores robóticos blandos existentes a menudo exhiben movimiento recíproco, lo que limita la extracción de trabajo continuo.
El desarrollo de sistemas robóticos blandos autónomos requiere superar las limitaciones del movimiento recíproco.

Objetivo del estudio:

Presentar un nuevo concepto de motor de hidrogel para lograr un movimiento no recíproco en robótica suave.
Para demostrar la extracción de trabajo mecánico continuo utilizando las propiedades intrínsecas del material.
Para permitir sistemas robóticos suaves escalables y autónomos a través de la inteligencia física.

Principales métodos:

Codificación de la asimetría cinética en las transiciones de hinchazón y deshinchazón de hidrogel.
Implementación de un mecanismo basado en materiales para la inteligencia física.
Utilizando un estímulo único y uniforme para la activación.

Principales resultados:

Se han logrado trayectorias de movimiento no recíprocas a través de la asimetría de materiales codificados.
Permite la extracción de trabajo mecánico continuo sin un control externo complejo.
Aplicaciones demostradas en cilios artificiales para el bombeo de fluidos y cintas transportadoras para el transporte de objetos.

Conclusiones:

El motor de hidrogel supera las limitaciones del movimiento recíproco en la robótica blanda aprovechando las propiedades intrínsecas del material.
Este enfoque cambia el paradigma hacia la inteligencia física para la función emergente en sistemas blandos.
La estrategia es escalable, generalizable a través de estímulos y aplicable desde sistemas macroscópicos hasta microscópicos.

Palabras clave:

Materiales adaptativos Inteligencia encarnada Hidrogeles y sus derivados la materia inteligente Robótica suave

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