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Pruebas para el entierro deliberado de los muertos por Homo naledi
Lee R Berger1,2,3, Tebogo Vincent Makhubela2,4, Keneiloe Molopyane5
1The National Geographic Society, Washington DC, United States.
eLife
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
Las excavaciones en Sudáfrica revelan abundantes fósiles de Homo naledi. La evidencia sugiere que el Homo naledi practicaba el entierro cultural, desafiando las suposiciones anteriores sobre su comportamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoantropología
- Arqueología
Sus antecedentes:
- El sistema de cuevas Rising Star en Sudáfrica ha producido importantes descubrimientos de fósiles de Homo naledi.
- Las interpretaciones anteriores de los restos de Homo naledi han sido debatidas, particularmente con respecto a los procesos de deposición.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para presentar nuevos hallazgos de las excavaciones en el subsistema Dinaledi.
- Reexaminar la distribución espacial de los fósiles y sedimentos del Homo naledi en áreas clave.
- Para probar las hipótesis que explican la deposición de los restos de Homo naledi.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación y análisis detallado de material fósil y sedimentos asociados en las áreas de Hill Antechamber, Dinaledi Chamber y Puzzle Box.
- Análisis espacial de los elementos esqueléticos y observaciones sedimentológicas.
- Análisis comparativo de las hipótesis de deposición, incluidos los procesos naturales frente al entierro intencional.
Principales resultados:
- Se descubrieron abundantes fósiles de Homo naledi, incluidas las regiones esqueléticas articuladas, lo que indica una rápida cobertura de sedimentos antes de la descomposición de los tejidos blandos.
- La evidencia excluye fuertemente los procesos naturales de deposición como el desplome o la descomposición en los pisos de las cámaras.
- El posicionamiento espacial y el contexto de los sedimentos son más compatibles con una hipótesis de entierro cultural de homínidos.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos sugieren que el Homo naledi se involucró en comportamientos funerarios.
- El entierro cultural se propone como una explicación probable para los ensamblajes fósiles observados.
- Esto indica comportamientos complejos, incluidas las prácticas rituales, dentro del repertorio de Homo naledi.
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