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Hacer las preguntas correctas: cómo la formulación de preguntas sobre el síndrome premenstrual afecta las respuestas
Gabriella Kountourides1, Alexandra Alvergne2,3
1School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, 51, 53 Banbury Rd, Park Town, Oxford, OX2 6PE, UK. gabriella.kountourides@anthro.ox.ac.uk.
Archives of women's mental health
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
Al incitar a las personas a considerar tanto las experiencias premenstruales positivas como negativas, en lugar de solo las negativas, se obtuvieron informes más diversos y menos negativos, desafiando la patologización del ciclo menstrual.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Reproductiva
- Psicología
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- El discurso del ciclo menstrual a menudo está patologizado, lo que puede conducir a percepciones negativas.
- La internalización de las experiencias premenstruales negativas como enfermedad sigue siendo poco investigada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la formulación de experiencias premenstruales para incluir dimensiones positivas produce informes más diversos y positivos.
- Desafiar el sesgo negativo en el reporte de síntomas premenstruales.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño experimental en línea con 2,637 participantes reclutados a través de una aplicación de seguimiento de períodos.
- Asignación aleatoria al grupo de control (describir la experiencia premenstrual) o al grupo de tratamiento (describir las experiencias negativas y positivas o positivas y negativas).
- Análisis del sentimiento y modelado bayesiano para evaluar las diferencias en los informes basados en la formulación.
Principales resultados:
- Las respuestas generales fueron negativas (media -0,25).
- Los grupos de tratamiento informaron un 64% y un 62% menos de experiencias premenstruales negativas en comparación con el control.
- Surgieron temas positivos como "sexo, libido y energía"; la ausencia de indicaciones positivas condujo a informes menos diversos.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos apoyan el predominio de informes negativos de la fase premenstrual, pero subrayan la necesidad de una medición más amplia de los síntomas.
- Un informe alentador de experiencias positivas previas a la menstruación puede dar lugar a relatos más equilibrados y diversos.
- El análisis del texto ofrece un nuevo enfoque para estudiar los síntomas premenstruales.
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