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Disfagia y prevalencia de la enfermedad renal crónica: un estudio transversal
Masahiro Egawa1, Ryuichi Yoshimura2, Kosuke Matsui1
1Division of Nephrology, Izumo Medical Life Cooperative Izumo-Shimin Hospital, Izumo, Japan.
International urology and nephrology
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
La disfagia, o dificultad para tragar, está relacionada con una mayor prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en adultos mayores. Esta asociación se hace más pronunciada a medida que aumenta la gravedad de la disfagia, destacando una posible conexión clínica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Nefrología
- Gastroenterología
Sus antecedentes:
- La población mundial está envejeciendo, lo que lleva a una mayor incidencia de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC).
- La disfagia presenta un desafío significativo para la salud de la población mayor.
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre la relación entre la disfagia y la prevalencia de ERC.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la disfagia y la prevalencia de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en pacientes ancianos.
- Para determinar si esta asociación es dependiente de la gravedad de la disfagia.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio retrospectivo transversal en el que participaron 520 pacientes de 65 años o más.
- La disfagia se evaluó mediante una prueba de deglución de agua modificada (las puntuaciones de 1 a 3 indican disfagia).
- La ERC se definió por una tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (eGFR) ≤ 60 ml/min/1,73 m2; se utilizó la regresión logística para el análisis.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de ERC fue mayor en pacientes con disfagia (62,2%) en comparación con aquellos con deglución normal (38,0%).
- La disfagia se asoció de forma independiente con la prevalencia de ERC (aOR 2, 51; IC del 95%, 1, 01- 6, 20).
- Una tendencia significativa mostró un aumento de la prevalencia de ERC con mayor gravedad de la disfagia (p para la tendencia = 0,044).
Conclusiones:
- La disfagia está asociada con una mayor prevalencia de ERC en adultos mayores.
- La asociación entre la disfagia y la ERC es dependiente de la gravedad.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren una posible relación entre las dificultades para tragar y el deterioro de la función renal en los ancianos.
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