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Es hora de reconsiderar: la neuropsicología del cambio de creencias
Bobby Hoffman1, Aditi Subramaniam2, Kendall Hartley3
1College of Community Innovation and Education, Department of Learning Sciences & Educational Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Trends in neuroscience and education
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
Cambiar de opinión requiere centrarse en los beneficios de las nuevas creencias, no en los riesgos de las antiguas. Hacer hincapié en las refutaciones positivas y cognitivas mejora la plasticidad cerebral y la reconstrucción exitosa del conocimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología cognitiva
- Psicología educativa
Sus antecedentes:
- Las creencias falsas impiden el razonamiento y la resolución de problemas, lo que afecta negativamente a las personas y a la sociedad.
- Los métodos convencionales de cambio de creencias a menudo fallan debido a conflictos con la forma en que el cerebro procesa la información.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explicar por qué los esfuerzos de reconstrucción del conocimiento son a menudo temporales o superficiales.
- Para integrar la evidencia neuropsicológica con la investigación de cambio de creencias conductuales.
Principales métodos:
- Investigó los hallazgos de la neurociencia sobre el cambio de creencias y la reconstrucción del conocimiento.
- Analizó las bases biológicas de la revisión del conocimiento.
- Examinó prácticas basadas en la investigación como textos refutacionales a la luz de la neuropsicología.
Principales resultados:
- El cambio exitoso de creencias depende de destacar las ganancias potenciales, no los riesgos de las creencias existentes.
- Priorizar el procesamiento cognitivo sobre las respuestas afectivas es crucial.
- Las refutaciones deben generar percepciones positivas, evitando pronósticos negativos.
Conclusiones:
- La información positiva y gratificante promueve la neuromodulación adaptativa y la plasticidad cerebral.
- Las estrategias que se alinean con los principios neurológicos mejoran la eficacia de la revisión de creencias.
- Centrarse en los beneficios y el compromiso cognitivo mejora la reconstrucción del conocimiento.
Palabras clave:
Cambio de creenciasConocimientoAprendizajeLa neuromodulaciónNeuropsicologíaPlasticidadMás Videos Relacionados
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