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Mitigar los riesgos: abordar el abandono del tabaquismo en la enfermedad ocular de la tiroides

Nasser Karimi1, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli2, Ali Keyhani1

  • 1Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, The Five Senses Health Institute, Moheb Kowsar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of).

BMJ open ophthalmology
|September 1, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

El asesoramiento verbal ayuda efectivamente a los pacientes con enfermedades oculares de la tiroides a dejar de fumar, con casi la mitad de éxito. Varenicline mostró un éxito limitado en aquellos que no dejaron de fumar con el asesoramiento, debido a la poca adherencia.

Palabras clave:
EpidemiologíaOjo (globo)Lomas de los ojosSuperficie ocularOrbitaciónEstudios prospectivosSalud públicaExpectativas de tratamiento

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Oftalmología
  • Endocrinología
  • Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • La enfermedad ocular de la tiroides (TED) es una enfermedad autoinmune a menudo relacionada con el tabaquismo.
  • Dejar de fumar es crucial para manejar el TED y mejorar los resultados del tratamiento.
  • Se necesitan estrategias efectivas para dejar de fumar para los pacientes con TED.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la eficacia del asesoramiento verbal y la vareniclina para el abandono del tabaquismo en pacientes TED.
  • Identificar los factores que predicen el éxito del abandono del tabaquismo en esta población.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis transversal de los datos del Registro TED de Irán (IrTED).
  • Los fumadores activos reciben asesoramiento verbal para dejar de fumar de forma rutinaria.
  • Encuesta telefónica para evaluar la eficacia del asesoramiento.
  • Oferta prospectiva de vareniclina a personas que no han respondido, evaluando la adherencia y el éxito.

Principales resultados:

  • El 55,32% de los pacientes de TED en la base de datos eran no fumadores.
  • Entre los 73 fumadores activos que recibieron asesoramiento, el 49,01% logró dejar de fumar.
  • Se ofreció vareniclina a 26 pacientes; sólo 7 recibieron la prescripción y 1/3 completaron el tratamiento, dejando de fumar.

Conclusiones:

  • El asesoramiento verbal es una intervención efectiva de primera línea para dejar de fumar para los pacientes de TED.
  • La vareniclina demostró una eficacia limitada, probablemente debido a la falta de cumplimiento y motivación de los pacientes.
  • Se justifica una mayor investigación para mejorar la adherencia a la farmacoterapia en los pacientes de TED.