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Tendencias en el uso de inhaladores y la huella de carbono asociada: un estudio basado en datos de ventas en Europa
Ville Vartiainen1,2, Christer Janson3, Hanna Hisinger-Mölkänen4,5
1Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
BMJ open respiratory research
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
El aumento del uso de inhaladores presurizados de dosis medidas (pMDIs) en Europa ha aumentado las huellas de carbono. El cambio a inhaladores de polvo seco (DPI) puede reducir significativamente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, mejorando los resultados ambientales y clínicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Salud pública
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- Se recomienda a los médicos que utilicen inhaladores de polvo seco (DPI) en lugar de inhaladores de dosis medidas presurizadas (pMDIs) debido a preocupaciones ambientales.
- Las regulaciones de la Unión Europea tienen por objeto acelerar los objetivos de reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
- La optimización del uso del inhalador puede reducir el impacto ambiental al tiempo que mantiene resultados positivos para la salud del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias en el uso de pMDIs y DPIs en toda Europa.
- Cuantificar la huella de carbono asociada con la terapia con inhaladores entre 2011 y 2021.
- Evaluar el potencial de reducción de emisiones mediante la elección del inhalador.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de ventas de IQVIA MIDAS (2011-2021) para los DPI y los pMDI en 10 países europeos.
- Las huellas de carbono calculadas sobre la base del informe de evaluación del Comité de Opciones Técnicas de Medicina y Productos Químicos de 2022.
- Datos de ventas analizados en términos de dosis totales vendidas y equivalentes de CO2 asociados.
Principales resultados:
- La huella de carbono de la terapia con pMDI aumentó de 3368 a 3891 kilotones de equivalentes de CO2 (CO2e) debido a un aumento del 16% en las dosis de pMDI vendidas.
- La sustitución de pMDIs por DPI podría haber reducido las emisiones de CO2 en un 92% durante el período de estudio.
- En 2021, el Reino Unido fue el mayor contribuyente a las emisiones de pMDI (1235 kt CO2e), y los inhaladores de agonistas beta-2 de acción corta (SABA) representaron 1642 kt CO2e, principalmente de pMDIs.
Conclusiones:
- La huella de carbono de la terapia con inhaladores en Europa aumentó debido al mayor uso de pMDI.
- La promoción de la terapia controladora basada en las directrices puede mejorar los resultados de los pacientes y reducir la dependencia excesiva de los SABA.
- La priorización de los DPI o los inhaladores de niebla blanda, cuando sea clínicamente apropiado, puede reducir efectivamente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero del uso de inhaladores.
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