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Updated: May 3, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

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[Evaluación potencial de la función cognitiva relacionada con el evento en niños con trastorno respiratorio

X X Zhang¹, Y H Zhang², Y Sun²

¹Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University,Beijing 102218, China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.

Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery

|September 1, 2025

Resumen

Los niños con trastornos respiratorios obstructivos del sueño (OSDB) muestran deterioro cognitivo en el procesamiento visual y la atención. Los potenciales relacionados con el evento revelan una actividad cerebral alterada, lo que sugiere que OSDB impacta los mecanismos neuronales para la integración sensorial y las funciones ejecutivas.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Pediatría
Medicina del sueño

Sus antecedentes:

La respiración obstructiva con trastorno del sueño (OSDB) es cada vez más reconocida por su impacto potencial en el desarrollo infantil.
Los trastornos cognitivos asociados con la OSDB requieren una investigación adicional utilizando medidas neurofisiológicas objetivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la función cognitiva en niños con OSDB utilizando potenciales relacionados con eventos (ERPs).
Investigar las alteraciones en el procesamiento visual (P100) y la regulación de la atención (P300) en niños con gravedad variable de OSDB.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio de caso-control que involucró a 143 niños con OSDB y 17 controles sanos, sometidos a una tarea de percepción facial.
Medición de los componentes occipital P100 y parietal/central/frontal P300 de los potenciales relacionados con el evento (ERP).
Análisis estadístico que incluye ANOVA y pruebas t para comparar las diferencias de amplitud y latencia entre grupos.

Principales resultados:

Los niños con OSDB exhibieron amplitudes de P100 significativamente más altas en comparación con los controles, lo que sugiere hiperactividad neuronal compensatoria.
El grupo de OSDB de moderado a severo mostró una latencia P100 prolongada, lo que indica un retraso en el procesamiento visual.
El grupo de OSDB leve mostró amplitudes P300 más altas, lo que potencialmente indicaba un menor estado de alerta, mientras que el grupo de moderado a severo tenía latencias P300 más cortas, lo que posiblemente reflejaba un compromiso de atención compensatorio.

Conclusiones:

Los niños con OSDB demuestran deficiencias significativas en el procesamiento visual primario y la regulación de la atención.
Los componentes P100 y P300 alterados en los ERP sugieren que la OSDB afecta los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes a la integración sensorial y el funcionamiento ejecutivo en los niños.
Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar la OSDB para mitigar las posibles consecuencias cognitivas a largo plazo.

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