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Prevalencia del flujo respiratorio medio reducido entre los participantes en el programa de vigilancia de la salud de
Laura Kurth1, Noemi B Hall1, Brian Ansell1
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
American journal of industrial medicine
|September 1, 2025
Resumen
El flujo respiratorio medio reducido es común en los mineros de carbón sin enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva, especialmente en los mineros jubilados. Este hallazgo destaca su potencial como un indicador temprano de problemas respiratorios graves en esta población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud en el trabajo
- Medicina de los pulmones
- Epidemiología respiratoria
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de las vías respiratorias pequeñas es un factor de riesgo conocido para la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva.
- Los mineros de carbón pueden tener una enfermedad de las vías respiratorias pequeñas incluso sin un deterioro obstructivo actual.
- Este estudio investiga la prevalencia de la reducción del flujo medio expiratorio en los mineros de carbón sin deterioro respiratorio obstructivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la prevalencia de la reducción del flujo espirométrico intermedio de las vías respiratorias (FEF25%-75% < 65% previsto) entre los mineros de carbón sin insuficiencia respiratoria obstructiva.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la reducción del flujo respiratorio medio en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del Programa de Vigilancia de la Salud de los Trabajadores del Carbón (CWHSP) entre 2014 y 2022.
- Incluidos los mineros de carbón con espirometría (FEV1, FVC) que cumplen los criterios de calidad.
- Se ha definido el flujo medio expiratorio reducido como FEF25%-75% < 65% previsto.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia general de flujo respiratorio medio reducido fue del 7,1% entre los mineros sin deterioro obstructivo.
- La prevalencia fue mayor en los mineros jubilados (10,7%) y en aquellos con neumonía de los trabajadores del carbón (16,8%).
- El flujo reducido era más común en los mineros mayores con una tenencia más larga.
Conclusiones:
- La reducción del flujo medio expiratorio es un hallazgo significativo en los mineros de carbón sin deterioro obstructivo actual.
- Sirve como una posible señal de alerta temprana para el desarrollo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva y otras afecciones respiratorias graves.
- La vigilancia del flujo respiratorio medio reducido puede ayudar en la detección temprana y la intervención para la salud respiratoria de los mineros de carbón.
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